As an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate, sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has been widely used and caused ubiquitous water pollution. However, its toxicity to aquatic organisms is still not well known. Therefore, in this study, parental zebrafish were exposed to OBS at environmentally relevant concentrations from ∼ 2 h post-fertilization to 21 days post-fertilization (dpf) in order to investigate the thyroid disrupting effects in F0 adults and F1 offspring. Histopathological changes, such as hyperplasia of thyroid follicular epithelia and colloidal depletion, were observed in F0 adults at 180 dpf. In F0 females, thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly reduced in 30 and 300 μg/L exposure groups, while triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly increased in 3 μg/L exposure group. For F0 males, significant increases of T4 and T3 levels were observed, revealing the sex-specific differences after the OBS exposure. The transcription levels of some key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were significantly disrupted, which induced the thyroid endocrine disruption effects in adult zebrafish even after a prolonged recovery period. For F1 offspring, the thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis was also altered as T4 and T3 levels in embryos/larvae exhibited similar changes as F0 females. The transcription levels of some key genes related to the HPT axis were also significantly dysregulated, suggesting the transgenerational thyroid disrupting effects of OBS in F1 offspring. In addition, the decreased swirl-escape rate was observed in F1 larvae, which could be caused by disrupting gene expressions related to the central nervous system development and be associated with the TH dyshomeostasis. Therefore, parental OBS exposure at early life stage resulted in thyroid endocrine disruption effects in both F0 adult zebrafish and F1 offspring, and caused the developmental neurotoxicity in F1 larvae.

中文翻译：

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OBS 对成年斑马鱼和后代早期暴露后甲状腺内分泌干扰的影响


作为全氟辛烷磺酸盐的替代品，对全氟壬氧基苯磺酸钠 （OBS） 已被广泛使用，并造成了无处不在的水污染。然而，它对水生生物的毒性仍然不为人知。因此，在本研究中，亲本斑马鱼在受精后 ∼ 2 小时至受精后 21 天 （dpf） 期间暴露于环境相关浓度的 OBS，以研究 F0 成鱼和 F1 后代的甲状腺干扰作用。在 180 dpf 的 F0 成人中观察到组织病理学变化，例如甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞增生和胶体耗竭。F0 女性 30 和 300 μg/L 暴露组甲状腺素 （T4） 水平显著降低，而 3 μg/L 暴露组三碘甲状腺原氨酸 （T3） 水平显著升高。对于 F0 男性，观察到 T4 和 T3 水平显着增加，揭示了 OBS 暴露后的性别特异性差异。与下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺 （HPT） 轴相关的一些关键基因的转录水平被显著破坏，即使在较长的恢复期后，也诱导了成年斑马鱼的甲状腺内分泌破坏作用。对于 F1 后代，甲状腺激素 （TH） 稳态也发生了变化，因为胚胎/幼虫中的 T4 和 T3 水平表现出与 F0 雌性相似的变化。与 HPT 轴相关的一些关键基因的转录水平也显著失调，表明 OBS 对 F1 后代的跨代甲状腺破坏作用。此外，在 F1 幼虫中观察到漩涡逃逸率降低，这可能是由于破坏与中枢神经系统发育相关的基因表达引起的，并与 TH 稳态障碍有关。 因此，父母在生命早期暴露于 OBS 导致 F0 成年斑马鱼和 F1 后代的甲状腺内分泌干扰效应，并导致 F1 幼虫的发育神经毒性。