The high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy sources (WD-RESs) such as wind and solar has raised concerns about the security of electric power systems during abnormal weather conditions. The role of RESs has been discussed in worldwide blackout events, yet remains controversial. In this study, we find that although WD-RESs are non-dispatchable and weather sensitive, blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration WD-RES grids. The causal effects of WD-RESs on blackouts generally decrease in high-penetration WD-RES power systems, and WD-RESs are not mainly responsible for the occurrence of blackouts in extreme weather conditions. The results of our research contribute to the debate on RES integration and power system security, offer a guide for the study of power system resilience and provide a reference for the ambitious high-penetration RES goals of the future.

风能和太阳能等依赖于天气的可再生能源 （WD-RES） 的高渗透率引发了人们对异常天气条件下电力系统安全性的担忧。RES 的作用已在全球停电事件中被讨论过，但仍然存在争议。在这项研究中，我们发现尽管 WD-RES 不可调度且对天气敏感，但在高穿透率 WD-RES 电网中减轻了停电强度和极端天气脆弱性。在高穿透力 WD-RES 电力系统中，WD-RES 对停电的因果影响通常会减少，而 WD-RES 并不是极端天气条件下停电发生的主要原因。我们的研究结果有助于关于 RES 集成和电力系统安全的辩论，为电力系统弹性的研究提供指南，并为未来雄心勃勃的高渗透率 RES 目标提供参考。