Introduction

Black pepper, a financially significant tropical crop, assumes a pivotal role in global agriculture for the major source of specie flavor. Nonetheless, the growth and productivity of black pepper face severe impediments due to the destructive pathogen Phytophthora capsici, ultimately resulting in black pepper blight. The dissecting for the genetic source of pathogen resistance for black pepper is beneficial for its global production. The genetic sources include the variations on gene coding sequences, transcription capabilities and epigenetic modifications, which exerts hierarchy of influences on plant defense against pathogen. However, the understanding of genetic source of disease resistance in black pepper remains limited.

Methods

The wild species Piper flaviflorum (P. flaviflorum, Pf) is known for blight resistance, while the cultivated species P. nigrum is susceptible. To dissecting the genetic sources of pathogen resistance for black pepper, the chromatin modification on H3K4me3 and transcriptome of black pepper species were profiled for genome wide comparative studies, applied with CUT&Tag and RNA sequencing technologies.

Results

The intraspecies difference between P. flaviflorum and P. nigrum on gene body region led to coding variations on 5137 genes, including 359 gene with biotic stress responses and regulation. P. flaviflorum exhibited a more comprehensive resistance response to Phytophthora capsica in terms of transcriptome features. The pathogen responsive transcribing was significant associated with histone modification mark of H3K4me3 in black pepper. The collective data on variations of sequence, transcription activity and chromatin structure lead to an exclusive jasmonic acid-responsive pathway for disease resistance in P. flaviflorum was revealed. This research provides a comprehensive frame work to identify the fine genetic source for pathogen resistance from wild species of black pepper.

中文翻译：

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黑辣椒辣椒疫霉抗性的种内解剖

 介绍

黑胡椒是一种具有重要经济意义的热带作物，作为物种风味的主要来源，在全球农业中发挥着举足轻重的作用。尽管如此，由于破坏性病原体辣椒疫霉，黑辣椒的生长和生产力面临严重障碍，最终导致黑辣椒枯萎病。剖析黑胡椒病原体抗性的遗传来源有利于其全球生产。遗传来源包括基因编码序列、转录能力和表观遗传修饰的变异，这对植物对病原体的防御施加了层次性的影响。然而，对黑胡椒抗病性的遗传来源的理解仍然有限。

 方法

野生物种 Piper flaviflorum （P. flaviflorum， Pf） 以抗枯萎病而闻名，而栽培物种 P. nigrum 则易感。为了剖析黑胡椒病原体耐药性的遗传来源，利用 CUT&Tag 和 RNA 测序技术对黑胡椒物种的 H3K4me3 和转录组的染色质修饰进行了分析，用于全基因组比较研究。

 结果

P. flaviflorum 和 P. nigrum 在基因体区域上的种内差异导致 5137 个基因的编码变异，其中 359 个基因具有生物胁迫反应和调控。P. flaviflorum 在转录组特征方面对 Phytophthora capsica 表现出更全面的抗性反应。病原菌响应转录与黑胡椒中 H3K4me3 的组蛋白修饰标记显著相关。关于序列、转录活性和染色质结构变化的集体数据揭示了黄花假单胞菌抗病性的独特茉莉酸反应途径。这项研究提供了一个全面的框架，以确定黑胡椒野生物种对病原体产生抗性的精细遗传来源。