Direction of arrival (DoA) estimation is a key research focus in array signal processing, and numerous progressive direction-finding algorithms have already been developed. In terms of the development of algorithms, metasurfaces can help innovate traditional estimation algorithms as an excellent alternative to phased arrays. New types of artificial intelligence continue to impact traditional algorithms as well as the detection of the incoming wave direction. Miniaturized and integrated incoming wave estimation devices suitable for various systems have become a significant trend in hardware implementation. In this study, the latest progress and trends in this emerging field are reviewed, and their potential value is assessed. First, a brief overview of a combination of classical DoA algorithms and metasurface is presented. Based on this, the applications of common subspace and sparse representation methods were surveyed, followed by a discussion of their potential prospects. The use of artificial intelligence combined with metasurfaces to innovate DoA detection is discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities for advancing metasurfaces and artificial intelligence in this frontier field are discussed.

中文翻译：

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超表面辅助到达方向估计的全面综述


到达方向 （DoA） 估计是阵列信号处理中的一个关键研究重点，并且已经开发了许多渐进式测向算法。在算法的发展方面，超表面可以帮助创新传统的估计算法，作为相控阵的绝佳替代品。新型人工智能继续影响传统算法以及入射波向的检测。适用于各种系统的小型化和集成入射波估计设备已成为硬件实现的重要趋势。在本研究中，回顾了这一新兴领域的最新进展和趋势，并评估了它们的潜在价值。首先，简要概述了经典 DoA 算法和超表面的组合。基于此，调查了公共子空间和稀疏表示方法的应用，然后讨论了它们的潜在前景。讨论了人工智能与超表面相结合的创新 DoA 检测。最后，讨论了在这一前沿领域推进超表面和人工智能的挑战和机遇。