The aim of the study is to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength indicators with gray matter volume (GMV) and to study whether fitness‐related regions of GMV are associated to executive function (EF) in cognitively normal older adults. Ninety‐one cognitively normal older adults (71.69 ± 3.91 years; 57.14% females) participated in this study from the AGUEDA trial. CRF was measured by a 2‐km walking test and a 6‐min walking test. Muscular strength was measured by handgrip, biceps curl, squats, and isokinetic strength tests. T1‐weigthed images were obtained through a magnetic resonance scan. GMV was determined by voxel‐based morphometric analysis. Standardized EF tests were performed. CRF did not show any positive association with GMV. Handgrip strength was positively associated with GMV (p < 0.001) in nine regions (β from 0.6 to 0.8 and k from 106 to 1927) and knee extension strength in three regions (β from 0.4 to 0.5 and k from 76 to 2776). Squats strength was negatively associated with GMV (p < 0.001) in two regions (β = −0.3, k = 1102 and k = 152) and the 2‐km walking test in one region (β = −0.4, k = 99). Only handgrip strength‐related GMV was associated with cognitive flexibility (p = 0.039, β = 0.215) and spatial working memory (p < 0.03, β 0.247–0.317), but not with EF score (p > 0.05). Muscular strength, but no CRF, may be positively related to GMV in cortical and subcortical regions, with implications for specific cognitive domains rather than the overall EF score. Specifically, handgrip strength was the indicator most associated with higher GMV, while squats strength and CRF were negatively related to GMV.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05186090.

中文翻译：

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认知正常老年人的健康状况、灰质体积和执行功能：AGUEDA 试验的横断面结果


该研究的目的是调查心肺健康 （CRF） 和肌肉力量指标与灰质体积 （GMV） 的关联，并研究 GMV 的健身相关区域是否与认知正常的老年人的执行功能 （EF） 相关。91 名认知正常的老年人 （71.69 ± 3.91 岁;57.14% 女性） 参与了 AGUEDA 试验的这项研究。CRF 通过 2 公里步行测试和 6 分钟步行测试来测量。通过握力、二头肌卷曲、深蹲和等速力量测试来测量肌肉力量。通过磁共振扫描获得 T1 加权图像。GMV 是通过基于体素的形态测量分析确定的。进行了标准化的 EF 测试。CRF 与 GMV 未显示任何正相关。握力与 9 个区域的 GMV （p < 0.001） 呈正相关 （β 从 0.6 到 0.8 和 k 从 106 到 1927） 和 3 个区域的膝关节伸展力量 （β 从 0.4 到 0.5，k 从 76 到 2776）。深蹲力量与两个区域 （β = -0.3， k = 1102 和 k = 152） 的 GMV （p < 0.001） 和一个区域的 2 公里步行测试 （β = -0.4， k = 99） 呈负相关。只有与握力相关的 GMV 与认知灵活性 （p = 0.039， β = 0.215） 和空间工作记忆 （p < 0.03， β 0.247–0.317） 相关，但与 EF 评分无关 （p > 0.05）。肌肉力量，但没有 CRF，可能与皮质和皮质下区域的 GMV 呈正相关，对特定认知领域而不是整体 EF 评分有影响。具体来说，握力是与较高的 GMV 最相关的指标，而深蹲力量和 CRF 与 GMV.ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符呈负相关：NCT05186090。