Do people of different socioeconomic status (SES) differ in how they see themselves on the Big Two self-concept dimensions of agency and communion? Existent research relevant to this theoretically and socially important question has generally been indirect: It has relied on distant proxies for agentic and communal self-concepts, narrow operationalizations of SES, comparatively small samples, and data from few nations/world regions. By contrast, the present research directly examines the associations between SES and agentic and communal self-concepts, relies on well-validated measures of agency and communion, examines three complementary measures of SES, and uses data from 6 million people (years of age: M = 26.12, SD = 11.50) across 133 nations. Overall, people of higher status saw themselves as somewhat more agentic and as slightly less (or negligibly less) communal. Crucially, those associations varied considerably across nations. We sought to explain that variation with 11 national characteristics and found only three of them to be robustly relevant: National religiosity and pathogen load curbed status differences in agentic self-concepts, and income inequality amplified status differences in communal self-concepts. Our discussion develops theory to explain the importance of national religiosity, pathogen load, and income inequality for socioeconomic status differences in agentic and communal self-concepts and it also describes the substantial societal implications of those differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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代理和社区自我概念的社会经济地位差异：来自 133 个国家/地区的 600 万人的见解。


不同社会经济地位 （SES） 的人在能动性和共融这两大自我概念维度上如何看待自己是否不同？与这个具有理论和社会重要性的问题相关的现有研究通常是间接的：它依赖于代理和社区自我概念的遥远代理、SES 的狭窄操作化、相对较小的样本以及来自少数国家/世界地区的数据。相比之下，本研究直接考察了 SES 与代理和公共自我概念之间的关联，依赖于经过充分验证的代理和共融测量，考察了 SES 的三种互补测量，并使用了来自 133 个国家的 600 万人（年龄：M = 26.12，SD = 11.50）的数据。总体而言，地位较高的人认为自己更具代理性，而社区性略低（或可以忽略不计）。至关重要的是，这些关联在不同国家之间差异很大。我们试图用 11 个国家特征来解释这种变化，发现其中只有 3 个具有强大的相关性：国家宗教信仰和病原体负荷抑制了代理自我概念的地位差异，收入不平等放大了公共自我概念的地位差异。我们的讨论发展了理论来解释国家宗教信仰、病原体负荷和收入不平等对代理和公共自我概念中社会经济地位差异的重要性，它还描述了这些差异的重大社会影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。