Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2017) has highlighted the differential roles that intrinsic life goals (for personal growth, close relationships, community connections, and physical health) and extrinsic life goals (i.e., for wealth, image, and status) play in supporting well-being. Less is known about how orientations toward these two types of aspirations develop. It is likely that early environmental influences, namely one's parents, impact individuals' aspirations. We address this gap by systematically reviewing the links between relevant parents' characteristics and the intrinsic and extrinsic goals of their children. We identified 49 eligible reports. Children's intrinsic aspirations were higher when parents provided a need-supportive environment (characterized by support for autonomy, relatedness, and competence) and when they endorsed intrinsic aspirations themselves, whereas children's extrinsic aspirations were higher when parents exhibited extrinsic aspirations themselves, promoted the pursuit of extrinsic aspirations, and provided environments characterized by need frustration. Therefore, fostering basic psychological need satisfaction may support children's intrinsic aspiring. In addition, parents should also be mindful of their own extrinsic goals, as they may influence extrinsic aspirations in their children and possibly compromise their well-being over the long term. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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苹果落在离树很远的地方吗？一项将父母因素与儿童的内在和外在目标联系起来的荟萃分析。


自我决定理论（Ryan & Deci，2017）强调了内在生活目标（为了个人成长、亲密关系、社区联系和身体健康）和外在生活目标（即财富、形象和地位）在支持幸福感中的不同作用。关于这两种类型的抱负是如何形成的，人们知之甚少。早期的环境影响，即一个人的父母，很可能会影响个人的愿望。我们通过系统地回顾相关父母的特征与孩子的内在和外在目标之间的联系来解决这一差距。我们确定了 49 份符合条件的报告。当父母提供需求支持环境（以支持自主性、关联性和能力为特征）并且他们自己认可内在愿望时，儿童的内在愿望更高，而当父母自己表现出外在愿望时，孩子的外在愿望更高，促进对外在愿望的追求，并提供以需求挫折为特征的环境。因此，培养基本的心理需求满足可能会支持儿童的内在抱负。此外，父母也应该注意自己的外在目标，因为这些目标可能会影响孩子的外在愿望，并可能损害他们的长期福祉。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。