In the United States, states and local jurisdictions set vaccination requirements for school attendance, conditions and procedures for exemptions from these requirements, grace periods for submitting documentation, and provisional enrollment for students who need more time to be vaccinated. States annually report data to CDC on the number of children in kindergarten who meet, are exempt from, or are in the process of meeting requirements. Data reported by 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) for the 2023-24 school year were used for national- and state-level estimates of the following measures: complete vaccination with required doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), poliovirus vaccine (polio), and varicella vaccine (VAR); exemptions from vaccination; and school attendance while meeting requirements. The 2023-24 kindergarten class became age-eligible to complete most state-required vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic, after schools had returned to routine in-person learning. Compared with approximated national coverage levels across all reported vaccines for the 2019-20 (95%) and 2022-23 (93%) school years, coverage dropped below 93% for the 2023-24 school year, ranging from 92.3% for DTaP to 92.7% for MMR. Exemptions increased to 3.3%, compared with those during the 2022-23 (3.0%) and 2021-22 school years (2.6%). Coverage with MMR, DTaP, polio, and VAR decreased in 35, 32, 33, and 36 jurisdictions, respectively, compared with the 2022-23 school year. Exemptions increased in 41 jurisdictions, with 14 reporting that >5% of kindergartners had an exemption from one or more vaccine. Efforts by health departments, schools, and providers are needed to ensure that students begin school fully vaccinated.

中文翻译：

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幼儿园儿童的选定疫苗覆盖率和豁免率 - 美国，2023-24 学年。


在美国，各州和地方司法管辖区规定了学校出勤的免疫接种要求、豁免这些要求的条件和程序、提交文件的宽限期以及为需要更多时间接种疫苗的学生设定了临时入学。各州每年都会向 CDC 报告有关达到、免除或正在满足要求的幼儿园儿童人数的数据。49 个州和哥伦比亚特区 （DC） 报告的 2023-24 学年数据用于国家和州级对以下措施的估计：完成接种所需剂量的麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗 （MMR）、白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳疫苗 （DTaP）、脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 （脊髓灰质炎） 和水痘疫苗 （VAR）;免于接种疫苗;以及满足要求时的学校出勤率。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，在学校恢复常规面对面学习后，2023-24 幼儿园班级有资格完成大多数国家要求的疫苗接种。与 2019-20 学年 （95%） 和 2022-23 学年（93%）所有已报告疫苗的大致全国覆盖率水平相比，2023-24 学年的覆盖率降至 93% 以下，从 DTaP 的 92.3% 到 MMR 的 92.7% 不等。与 2022-23 学年 （3.0%） 和 2021-22 学年 （2.6%） 相比，豁免率增加到 3.3%。与 2022-23 学年相比，MMR、DTaP、脊髓灰质炎和 VAR 的覆盖率分别在 35、32、33 和 36 个辖区下降。41 个司法管辖区的豁免人数有所增加，其中 14 个司法管辖区报告说 >5% 的幼儿园儿童免接种了一种或多种疫苗。 卫生部门、学校和提供者需要努力确保学生在开始上学时完全接种疫苗。