Two themes are coming to the forefront in this decade: Cognitive impairment of an aging population and the quantum leap in developing artificial intelligence (AI). Both can be described as growing exponentially and presenting serious challenges. Although many questions have been addressed about the dangers of AI, we want to go beyond the fearful aspects of this topic and focus on the possible contribution of AI to solve the problem of chronic disorders of the elderly leading to cognitive impairment, like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Lewy body dementia. Our second goal is to look at the ways in which modern neuroscience can influence the future design of computers and the development of AI. We wish to honor the memory of Dr. John von Neumann, who came up with many breakthrough details of the first electronic computer. Remarkably, Dr. von Neumann dedicated his last book to the comparison of the human brain and the computer as it stood in those years of the mid-1950s. We will point out how his ideas are more relevant than ever in the age of supercomputers, AI and brain implants.

在这十年中，有两个主题正在成为焦点：老龄化人口的认知障碍和人工智能 （AI） 发展的巨大飞跃。两者都可以被描述为呈指数级增长并带来严峻的挑战。尽管已经解决了许多关于 AI 危害的问题，但我们希望超越这个主题的可怕方面，专注于 AI 对解决老年人慢性疾病导致认知障碍的问题的可能贡献，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和路易体痴呆。我们的第二个目标是研究现代神经科学如何影响计算机的未来设计和人工智能的发展。我们谨以纪念 John von Neumann 博士，他为第一台电子计算机提出了许多突破性的细节。值得注意的是，冯·诺依曼博士在他的最后一本书中专门比较了 1950 年代中期那些年的人脑和计算机。我们将指出他的想法在超级计算机、人工智能和大脑植入物时代比以往任何时候都更加相关。