Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenges arise in generator and inverter-based power supplies due to the presence of inrush currents and rapid load changes among other electromagnetic interference sources. Inrush currents and rapid load variations have shown to cause EMC issues in the form of poor power quality. In this article, the fundamental principle of elements containing the energy are discussed where energy of rotational inertia is compared to electrical energy stored in capacitors and inductors. The investigated microgrids which include a mobile generator (rotational energy) powered military ground vehicle and an off-grid inverter (electrical energy) are measured and analyzed with respect to rapid load changes. This will identify challenges and inherent difference between generator based inverter based microgrids, as well as the benefits of each with respect to different load characteristics. This lays a foundation of determining the optimum between the quality of supply and the quality of demand, where inertia is a key factor in stability. The primary conclusion drawn from the measurement and analysis underscores the significance of load rising edge and amplitude in resulting instability due to transient load fluctuations. Measurements from real world applications show $\pm$ 12–13% voltage deviations for a generator based system and up to 20% for a inverter based system on a rapid load change event.

中文翻译：

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基于发电机和逆变器的微电网对快速负载变化的瞬态响应


由于其他电磁干扰源中存在浪涌电流和快速负载变化，基于发电机和逆变器的电源会出现电磁兼容性 （EMC） 挑战。浪涌电流和快速负载变化已被证明会导致 EMC 问题，表现为电能质量差。在本文中，讨论了包含能量的元件的基本原理，其中将旋转惯量能量与存储在电容器和电感器中的电能进行了比较。对所研究的微电网，包括移动发电机（旋转能）供电的军用地面车辆和离网逆变器（电能），进行了负载快速变化的测量和分析。这将确定基于发电机的逆变器式微电网之间的挑战和内在差异，以及每种微电网在不同负载特性方面的优势。这为确定供给质量和需求质量之间的最佳状态奠定了基础，其中惯性是稳定性的关键因素。从测量和分析中得出的主要结论强调了负载上升沿和振幅在瞬态负载波动导致不稳定方面的重要性。来自实际应用的测量结果显示，在负载快速变化事件中，基于发电机的系统存在 12-13% 的电压偏差，而基于逆变器的系统则高达 20% 的电压偏差。