ImportanceGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and, in the US, disproportionately affects people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Glaucoma prevalence has not been estimated for the US in more than a decade, and state- and county-level estimates are not available.ObjectiveTo estimate glaucoma and vision-affecting glaucoma prevalence by demographic factors and US state and county for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System (VEHSS).Data SourcesThis meta-analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008), Medicare fee-for-service claims (2019), IBM MarketScan commercial insurance claims (2016), population-based studies of eye disease (1985-2003), and 2022 population estimates from the US Census Bureau.Study SelectionPubMed was searched for population-based studies of glaucoma prevalence published between 1991 and 2016.Data Extraction and SynthesisBayesian meta-regression methods were used to estimate the prevalence of glaucoma and vision-affecting glaucoma stratified by age, undifferentiated sex/gender (a measure that captures an unclear mix of aspects of sex and or gender), race and ethnicity, and US county and state.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of any type of glaucoma (open or closed angle) among people 18 years or older and vision-affecting glaucoma, defined as glaucoma and a visual field abnormality.ResultsFor 2022, an estimated 4.22 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3.46 million to 5.23 million) in the US were living with glaucoma, with a prevalence of 1.62% (UI, 1.33%-2.00%) among people 18 years or older and 2.56% (UI, 2.10%-3.16%) among people 40 years or older. An estimated 1.49 million people (UI, 1.17 million to 1.90 million) were living with vision-affecting glaucoma, with a prevalence of 0.57% (UI, 0.45%-0.73%) among people 18 years or older and 0.91% (UI, 0.71%-1.16%) among people 40 years or older. Prevalence of glaucoma among people 18 years or older ranged from 1.11% (UI, 0.89%-1.40%) in Utah to 1.95% (UI, 1.57%-2.39%) in Mississippi. Black adults had a prevalence of 3.15% (UI, 2.32%-4.09%) compared with 1.42% (UI, 1.10%-1.85%) among White adults; adults in the Hispanic and all other racial and ethnic categories combined had a prevalence of 1.56% (UI, 1.13%-2.06%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis meta-analysis found that an estimated 2.56% of people 40 years or older have glaucoma, slightly more than estimated by previous studies. Black individuals are disproportionately affected. Prevalence estimates at the state and county level can help guide public health planning.

中文翻译：

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2022 年美国成年人青光眼患病率


重要性青光眼是全球不可逆失明的主要原因，在美国，对少数种族和民族群体的影响尤为严重。十多年来，美国的青光眼患病率一直没有估计值，也没有州和县级的估计值。目的为美国疾病控制和预防中心的视力和眼睛健康监测系统 （VEHSS） 按人口统计学因素和美国州县估计青光眼和影响视力的青光眼患病率。数据来源该荟萃分析使用了来自全国健康和营养检查调查 （2005-2008）、医疗保险按服务收费索赔 （2019）、IBM MarketScan 商业保险索赔 （2016）、基于人群的眼病研究 （1985-2003） 和美国人口普查局的 2022 年人口估计的数据。用于估计按年龄、无差别性别/性别（一种捕捉性别和/或性别方面不明确混合的衡量标准）、种族和民族以及美国县和州分层的青光眼和影响视力的青光眼的患病率。主要结局和措施在 18 岁或以上的人群中任何类型的青光眼（开角或闭角）和影响视力的青光眼的患病率，定义为青光眼和视野异常。结果2022 年，美国估计有 422 万人（95% 不确定性区间 [UI]，346 万至 523 万）患有青光眼，18 岁或以上人群的患病率为 1.62%（UI，1.33%-2.00%），40 岁或以上的人群为 2.56%（UI，2.10%-3.16%）。估计有 149 万人（UI，117 万比 1。9000 万人患有影响视力的青光眼，18 岁或以上人群的患病率为 0.57% （UI，0.45%-0.73%），40 岁或以上人群的患病率为 0.91% （UI，0.71%-1.16%）。18 岁或以上人群的青光眼患病率从犹他州的 1.11%（UI，0.89%-1.40%）到密西西比州的 1.95%（UI，1.57%-2.39%）不等。黑人成年人的患病率为 3.15% （UI，2.32%-4.09%），而白人成年人的患病率为 1.42% （UI，1.10%-1.85%）;西班牙裔和所有其他种族和族裔类别的成年人的患病率加起来为 1.56% （UI，1.13%-2.06%）。结论和相关性这项荟萃分析发现，估计 2.56% 的 40 岁或以上的人患有青光眼，略高于先前研究的估计。黑人受到的影响尤为严重。州和县一级的患病率估计有助于指导公共卫生规划。