BACKGROUND This study examined the longitudinal association between ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and overall hypertension risk and explored the contribution of UPF to racial disparities in hypertension risk. METHODS We analyzed data from 5957 participants from the REGARDS cohort study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke) who were free from hypertension during visit 1 (2003-2007), had complete dietary information at visit 1, and completed visit 2 (2013-2016). UPF consumption was measured using the Nova classification system and operationalized as percent calories and grams. The main outcome was incident hypertension. Logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS Thirty-six percent of participants developed hypertension at visit 2. Results showed a positive linear relationship between UPF and hypertension incidence. Aggregate model results showed that participants in the highest UPF consumption quartile had 23% greater odds of incident hypertension compared with the lowest quartile. Multivariable results showed that Black and White participants in the highest consumption quartile had 1.26 (95% CI, 0.92-1.74) and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01-1.47) greater odds of hypertension compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. Analyses using UPF consumption as percent grams showed similar aggregate results; however, race-stratified results differed. Findings were not statistically significant among White participants (odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.89-1.33]) but showed higher risk of hypertension among Black participants in the highest versus lowest UPF quartiles (odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.01-2.02]). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that high consumption of UPF is associated with increased hypertension risk. Further research is warranted to better understand differences in the intakes of UPF subgroups that may underpin the racial differences in hypertension incidence observed with different UPF metrics.

中文翻译：

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REGARD 队列研究中的超加工食品消费和高血压风险。


背景 本研究检查了超加工食品 （UPF） 消费与总体高血压风险之间的纵向关联，并探讨了 UPF 对高血压风险种族差异的贡献。方法 我们分析了来自 REGARD 队列研究 （中风地理和种族差异的原因） 的 5957 名参与者的数据，他们在第 1 次就诊 （2003-2007） 期间没有高血压，在第 1 次就诊时有完整的饮食信息，并完成了第 2 次就诊 （2013-2016）。UPF 消耗量使用 Nova 分类系统进行测量，并以卡路里和克的百分比进行操作。主要结局是高血压事件。采用 Logistic 回归进行分析。结果 36% 的参与者在第 2 次就诊时出现高血压。结果显示 UPF 与高血压发病率呈正线性关系。汇总模型结果显示，与最低四分位数相比，最高 UPF 消耗四分位数的参与者发生高血压的几率高 23%。多变量结果显示，与最低四分位数的参与者相比，最高消费四分位数的黑人和白人参与者患高血压的几率分别高 1.26 （95% CI， 0.92-1.74） 和 1.22 （95% CI， 1.01-1.47）。使用 UPF 消耗量作为克百分比的分析显示了相似的聚合结果;然而，种族分层结果不同。白人参与者的研究结果无统计学意义（比值比，1.09 [95% CI，0.89-1.33]），但显示最高 UPF 四分位数与最低四分位数的黑人参与者患高血压的风险更高（比值比，1.43 [95% CI，1.01-2.02]）。结论 本研究表明，高消费 UPF 与高血压风险增加相关。 有必要进行进一步的研究，以更好地了解 UPF 亚组摄入量的差异，这些差异可能支持在不同 UPF 指标下观察到的高血压发病率的种族差异。