With the advancement of industrial development and urbanization, the indiscriminate discharge of industrial pollutants and wastes containing heavy metals and precious metals poses a significant threat to human health and ecosystems. Despite the widespread use of several traditional therapeutic procedures, these treatments frequently exhibit low efficacy and significant environmental consequences. The extraction and reuse of metal resources in pollutant treatment can effectively alleviate the current resource crisis; however, achieving a balance between recovery efficiency and environmental impact during the extraction process remains a major challenge. To tackle these challenges, emerging treatment materials along with advancements in thermal/photo/electrochemical methods offer additional possibilities for efficiently remediating/mineralizing heavy/precious metal pollution. This paper introduces traditional techniques for treating precious and heavy metals from water and soil while discussing the prospects of new treatment materials as well as effective thermal/photo/electrochemical methods for removing such metals. Furthermore, various strategies for recovering metals from municipal waste and wastewater containing heavy/precious metal are discussed, emphasizing sustainable approaches to enhance recycling performance.

中文翻译：

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重金属/贵金属污染治理、资源回收与再利用研究进展与展望


随着工业发展和城市化进程的推进，工业污染物和含重金属、贵金属的废弃物的无差别排放对人类健康和生态系统构成了重大威胁。尽管广泛使用几种传统治疗方法，但这些治疗方法经常表现出低疗效和严重的环境后果。在污染物处理中对金属资源的提取和再利用可以有效缓解当前的资源危机;然而，在提取过程中实现回收效率和环境影响之间的平衡仍然是一项重大挑战。为了应对这些挑战，新兴的处理材料以及热/光/电化学方法的进步为有效修复/矿化重金属/贵金属污染提供了更多可能性。本文介绍了处理水和土壤中贵金属和重金属的传统技术，同时讨论了新处理材料的前景以及去除此类金属的有效热/光/电化学方法。此外，还讨论了从城市垃圾和含重金属/贵金属废水中回收金属的各种策略，强调了提高回收性能的可持续方法。