Constructing a photoanode with both high dark-state protection performance and high stability remains a top priority for photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology, especially in a marine environment (dark-state or rainy conditions) without hole scavenging agents. In this work, we developed a class of energy-storage quasi-planar heterojunctions (WO₃-Nb₂O₅-ZnIn₂S₄) with directional paths (low onset potential and well-matched energy band) and embedded morphology. The co-design of embedded and directional paths reduces the carrier transport energy barrier at the composite interface, and increases the interface contact area, thereby achieving highly stable and sensitive dark-state energy storage and photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution without hole scavenging agent (Dark-state energy storage efficiency increased by 43%. For carbon steel, the performance retention rate is 99.6% after 500 cycles, the performance retention rate is 89% after 5000 s).

中文翻译：

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具有嵌入式准平面异质结特性的 WO3-Nb2O5-ZnIn2S4 的组装及其高效稳定的暗态光电化学阴极保护性能


构建兼具高暗态保护性能和高稳定性的光阳极仍然是光电化学阴极保护技术的重中之重，尤其是在没有空洞清除剂的海洋环境（暗态或雨天条件）中。在这项工作中，我们开发了一类具有定向路径（低起始电位和匹配良好的能带）和嵌入式形态的储能准平面异质结 （WO_{3-Nb 2}O 5-ZnIn₂S₄）。嵌入式和定向路径的协同设计降低了复合界面处的载流子传输能量势垒，增加了界面接触面积，从而在 3.5 wt.% NaCl 溶液中实现了高度稳定和灵敏的暗态储能和光电化学阴极保护性能，无需空穴清除剂（暗态储能效率提高了 43%）。对于碳钢，500 次循环后性能保持率为 99.6%，5000 s 后性能保持率为 89%）。