Behavioral public policy came to the fore with the introduction of nudging, which aims to steer behavior while maintaining freedom of choice. Responding to critiques of nudging (e.g., that it does not promote agency and relies on benevolent choice architects), other behavioral policy approaches focus on empowering citizens. Here we review boosting, a behavioral policy approach that aims to foster people's agency, self-control, and ability to make informed decisions. It is grounded in evidence from behavioral science showing that human decision making is not as notoriously flawed as the nudging approach assumes. We argue that addressing the challenges of our time—such as climate change, pandemics, and the threats to liberal democracies and human autonomy posed by digital technologies and choice architectures—calls for fostering capable and engaged citizens as a first line of response to complement slower, systemic approaches.

中文翻译：

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推动：通过行为科学赋予公民权力


行为公共政策随着轻推的引入而脱颖而出，轻推旨在引导行为，同时保持选择自由。为了回应对轻推的批评（例如，它不促进能动性并依赖于仁慈的选择建筑师），其他行为政策方法侧重于赋予公民权力。在这里，我们回顾了 boosting，这是一种行为政策方法，旨在培养人们的能动性、自我控制和做出明智决策的能力。它以行为科学的证据为基础，表明人类决策并不像轻推方法所假设的那样臭名昭著。我们认为，应对我们这个时代的挑战——例如气候变化、流行病以及数字技术和选择架构对自由民主和人类自主构成的威胁——需要培养有能力和参与的公民，作为补充缓慢的系统性方法的第一线应对措施。