The dissection of archaeological palimpsests has become a crucial process for achieving a diachronic understanding of the history of human groups. However, its widespread application to archaeological deposits has been hampered by both methodological and theoretical limitations, as well as by the inherent characteristics of the deposits. This paper explores whether overcoming these barriers, both methodological and theoretical, truly represents a significant shift in understanding past human behaviour, thereby motivating the pursuit of shorter timescales. To this end, we have analysed the lithic assemblages of Unit Xb from the Neanderthal site of El Salt (Alcoi, Iberian Peninsula) focusing on lithic attributes and raw material analyses, enabling the definition of raw material units and refitting sets. Considering these variables, we have applied archaeostratigraphic and spatial analyses in order to generate units of analysis whose content is compared to that of the entire unit. The defined archaeostratigraphic units display different spatial distributions and lithic composition. Some of them are attached to certain hearths and composed of refitted sets, while other units are related to areas without combustion evidence and integrated with bigger and heavier single products. Through this approach, here, we show that reducing the spatiotemporal scale of the record helps to unravel behavioural variability, reducing interpretative errors implicit in the assemblage-as-a-whole approach. This highlights the role of temporal resolution in reconstructing site formation processes and challenges research perspectives that assert the unnecessary or impossible nature of palimpsest dissection.

对考古回文的剖析已成为实现对人类群体历史的历时理解的关键过程。然而，它对考古沉积物的广泛应用受到方法论和理论限制以及沉积物固有特征的阻碍。本文探讨了克服这些方法论和理论上的障碍是否真的代表了理解过去人类行为的重大转变，从而激励人们追求更短的时间尺度。为此，我们分析了来自 El Salt（伊比利亚半岛 Alcoi）尼安德特人遗址的 Xb 单元的石器组合，重点是石器属性和原材料分析，从而能够定义原材料单元和改装集。考虑到这些变量，我们应用了考古地层学和空间分析，以生成分析单元，其内容与整个单元的内容进行比较。定义的考古地层单元显示不同的空间分布和岩层组成。其中一些连接到某些炉膛上，由改装的套件组成，而其他单元则与没有燃烧证据的区域有关，并与更大更重的单一产品集成在一起。通过这种方法，在这里，我们表明减少记录的时空尺度有助于解开行为变异性，减少组合作为一个整体方法中隐含的解释错误。这突出了时间分辨率在重建位点形成过程中的作用，并挑战了断言复写法解剖的不必要或不可能性质的研究观点。