Background

Hop testing is widely used by clinicians to monitor rehabilitation and decide when to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); however, the trajectory of long-term hop performance has not been summarised.

Objective

To investigate hop performance change over time after ACLR.

Design

Systematic review with longitudinal meta-analysis.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus to 28 February 2023.

Eligibility Criteria

Studies with ≥ 50 participants following primary ACLR, with mean participant age of 18–40 years, reporting a quantitative measure of hop performance (e.g. single forward hop distance). Results had to be reported for the ACLR limb and compared with (1) the contralateral limb (within person) and/or (2) an uninjured control limb (between person).

Results

We included 136 studies of 23,360 participants. Performance was similar across different hop tests, with steep initial improvements in within-person symmetry, tailing off after 18–24 months. ACLR limb hop performance was 5–10% lower compared with the contralateral limb at 1 year post-surgery, with largest deficits observed for vertical hop [87.0% contralateral limb (95% CI 85.3–88.8) compared with single forward hop 93.8% (95% CI 92.8–94.9)]. By 3–5 years, results were similar between ACLR and contralateral limbs. There were limited data for between-person comparisons (n = 17 studies). Exploratory analyses showed deficits in all forward hopping tests to be very strongly correlated with each other [e.g. single forward and triple hop rho = 0.96 (95% CI 0.90–0.99)], though there was discordance in the relationship between single forward hop and vertical hop performance [rho = 0.27 (95% CI − 0.53 to 0.79)].

Conclusions

Hop performance is comparable to the uninjured limb by 3–5 years post-ACLR, with the greatest deficits in within-person symmetry present in vertical and side hop tests. Assessment of hopping in multiple planes and comparison with uninjured controls, may provide the most complete evaluation of functional performance.

中文翻译：

---

跳到它！ACL 重建后 Hop 性能的系统评价和纵向荟萃分析

 背景

临床医生广泛使用跳跃测试来监测康复情况并决定前交叉韧带重建 （ACLR） 后何时恢复运动;然而，长期 Hop 性能的轨迹尚未总结。

 目的

调查 ACLR 后跃点性能随时间的变化。

 设计

系统评价与纵向荟萃分析。

 数据源

MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、Scopus、Cochrane CENTRAL 和 SPORTDiscus 至 2023 年 2 月 28 日。

 资格

对 ≥ 50 名参与者进行初次 ACLR 的研究，参与者的平均年龄为 18-40 岁，报告了跳跃性能的定量测量（例如 单次向前跳跃距离）。必须报告 ACLR 肢体的结果，并与 （1） 对侧肢体（人内）和/或 （2） 未受伤的对照肢体（人与人之间）进行比较。

 结果

我们纳入了 136 项研究，涉及 23,360 名参与者。不同跳跃测试的性能相似，人体内对称性最初急剧改善，18-24 个月后逐渐下降。术后 1 年时，ACLR 肢体跳跃性能比对侧肢体低 5-10%，观察到的垂直跳跃缺陷最大 [87.0% 对侧肢体 （95% CI 85.3-88.8） 与单次向前跳跃 93.8% （95% CI 92.8-94.9）]。到 3-5 岁时，ACLR 和对侧肢体之间的结果相似。人与人间比较的数据有限（n = 17 项研究）。探索性分析显示，所有正向跳跃测试中的缺陷彼此之间非常密切相关 [例如，单向前跳跃和三跳跃 rho = 0.96 （95% CI 0.90–0.99）]，尽管单向前跳跃和垂直跳跃性能之间的关系不一致 [rho = 0.27 （95% CI - 0.53 至 0.79）]。

 结论

在 ACLR 后 3-5 年，跳跃性能与未受伤的肢体相当，在垂直和侧向跳跃测试中存在最大的人体内对称性缺陷。评估在多个平面上的跳跃并与未受伤的对照组进行比较，可能提供对功能表现的最完整评估。