Efforts to address poor-quality diets have stepped up considerably in recent years, but the problem of inadequate, unhealthy, unsustainable and unequal diets persists. Here we argue that to get policies and interventions working more effectively and equitably, a fresh approach is needed—one that considers the full picture of people’s realities. People’s realities interact to shape the way people respond to and engage with policies and interventions, thereby influencing their impact, particularly, albeit not only, on dietary inequalities. We propose a tool that brings together key realities that shape impact, including the material, economic and psychosocial realities that people face in their households, families, food environments, social interactions and cultures. The purpose of the tool is to help policymakers, intervention practitioners and researchers committed to improving diets achieve greater success by helping them think through the full picture of people’s realities when identifying, designing, implementing and evaluating policies and interventions.

近年来，解决劣质饮食问题的努力大大加强，但饮食不足、不健康、不可持续和不平等的问题仍然存在。在这里，我们认为，为了使政策和干预措施更有效、更公平地发挥作用，需要一种新的方法——一种考虑人们现实全貌的方法。人们的现实相互作用，塑造了人们应对和参与政策和干预措施的方式，从而影响其影响，特别是（尽管不仅仅是）对饮食不平等的影响。我们提出了一种工具，该工具汇集了影响的关键现实，包括人们在家庭、家庭、食物环境、社会互动和文化中面临的物质、经济和社会心理现实。该工具的目的是帮助致力于改善饮食的政策制定者、干预从业者和研究人员在识别、设计、实施和评估政策和干预措施时全面思考人们的现实情况，从而取得更大的成功。