Collaborative conservation interventions based on engagement with local communities are increasingly common, especially for large carnivores that negatively impact people's livelihoods and well-being. However, evaluating the effectiveness of large-scale community-based conservation interventions is rarely done, making it problematic to assess or justify their impact. In our study focused on snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in five countries, we show that bespoke and well-implemented community-based and conflict management intervention efforts can lead to more sustainable conservation outcomes. Collaborative interventions, spread over about 88,000 km² of snow leopard habitat, reduced livestock depredation and disease and associated economic costs. Additionally, they generated conservation-linked livelihoods and enhanced community decision-making, leading to more positive behavioral intent toward snow leopards and improved communities’ cooperation, economic security, and confidence. Our results provide lessons learned and recommendations for practitioners and governments to alleviate conflicts and foster coexistence with snow leopards and large carnivores more broadly. These include prioritizing locally led tailored solutions based on the PARTNERS principles, recognizing local community rights in conservation decision-making, and recognizing the role of social norms in ensuring accountability.

中文翻译：

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雪豹的协作保护：基于社区的成功干预的经验教训


基于与当地社区合作的协作保护干预措施越来越普遍，尤其是对于对人们的生计和福祉产生负面影响的大型食肉动物。然而，很少评估基于社区的大规模保护干预措施的有效性，这使得评估或证明其影响成为问题。在我们针对五个国家的雪豹 （Panthera uncia） 的研究中，我们表明，定制和实施良好的基于社区和冲突管理的干预工作可以带来更可持续的保护成果。协作干预分布在约 88,000 平方公里^的雪豹栖息地，减少了牲畜的捕食和疾病以及相关的经济成本。此外，它们还产生了与保护相关的生计并增强了社区决策，从而产生了对雪豹更积极的行为意图，并改善了社区的合作、经济安全和信心。我们的结果为从业者和政府提供了经验教训和建议，以缓解冲突并更广泛地促进与雪豹和大型食肉动物的共存。这些措施包括根据 PARTNERS 原则优先考虑当地主导的定制解决方案，承认当地社区在保护决策中的权利，以及承认社会规范在确保问责制方面的作用。