Endocrine-disrupting compounds such as 4-nonylphenol pose significant societal and environmental challenges due to their toxicity and estrogenic properties, adversely impacting human health, wildlife, and aquatic ecosystems. The complexity of 4-nonylphenol environmental behavior, its transport mechanisms, and the challenges in mitigating its impact through adsorption processes are critical. Here we review 4-nonylphenol contamination with focus on remediation by adsorption. We found that biofilms can accumulate 4-nonylphenol in aquatic environments; adsorption equilibrium in soils is influenced by temperature; and microplastics facilitate the transport of 4-nonylphenol through ecosystems. We present effective materials for 4-nonylphenol removal, including graphene oxides, silica, zeolites, and activated carbons. We analyze key variables influencing adsorption efficiency, offering a comprehensive database and insights into optimal removal strategies.

4-壬基苯酚等内分泌干扰化合物由于其毒性和雌激素特性而构成重大的社会和环境挑战，对人类健康、野生动物和水生生态系统产生不利影响。4-壬基酚环境行为的复杂性、其传输机制以及通过吸附过程减轻其影响的挑战至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了 4-壬基酚污染，重点是通过吸附进行修复。我们发现生物膜可以在水生环境中积累 4-壬基苯酚;土壤中的吸附平衡受温度影响;微塑料促进 4-壬基苯酚在生态系统中的运输。我们介绍了去除 4-壬基酚的有效材料，包括石墨烯氧化物、二氧化硅、沸石和活性炭。我们分析影响吸附效率的关键变量，提供全面的数据库和对最佳去除策略的见解。