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The changing socioeconomic composition of the Finnish prison population (by Mikko Aaltonen, Joonas Pitkänen, Sasu Tyni, Pekka Martikainen)
Demographic Research ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-15
Mikko Aaltonen, Joonas Pitkänen, Sasu Tyni, Pekka Martikainen

Background: Although prison inmates are known to be disadvantaged in multiple ways, we know less about changes in the socioeconomic backgrounds of prisoners over time. We examine these changes in a period characterized by a decreasing prisoner rate, the introduction of community service, and strong macroeconomic fluctuations. Objective: We analyze changes in the socioeconomic backgrounds of individuals imprisoned between 1988–2019. We provide comparisons with community sanctions and the non-convicted general population, and examine the same developments in subgroups of the imprisoned. Methods: Using total population register data, we examine annual changes across different groups in the measures of employment, receipt of social assistance, income, and education. Results: Our results show that the employment rates of individuals sent to prison declined heavily during the economic depression of the 1990s and have sunk to much lower levels since. This development is partly explained by some short-term prisoners being diverted to community service. The results are largely similar to other measures of socioeconomic status and different subgroups; the declining educational level of recidivist offenders especially stands out. Conclusions: The Finnish prison population has grown increasingly detached from the labor market and generally more disadvantaged over time. Contribution: We provide new evidence on changes in the socioeconomic composition of the Finnish prison population. These results are important for prison policy and rehabilitation efforts that seek to improve prisoners’ employability.

中文翻译:


芬兰监狱人口不断变化的社会经济构成(作者:Mikko Aaltonen、Joonas Pitkänen、Sasu Tyni、Pekka Martikainen)



背景:尽管众所周知,监狱囚犯在多种方面处于不利地位,但我们对囚犯社会经济背景随着时间的推移而发生的变化知之甚少。我们研究了在囚犯率下降、引入社区服务和强劲的宏观经济波动的时期的这些变化。目的:我们分析 1988 年至 2019 年间被监禁个人的社会经济背景的变化。我们与社区制裁和未定罪的普通人群进行了比较,并研究了被监禁者亚群体的相同发展。方法:使用总人口登记数据,我们研究了不同群体在就业、接受社会援助、收入和教育方面的年度变化。结果:我们的结果表明,在 1990 年代的经济萧条期间,被送进监狱的个人的就业率大幅下降,此后下降到低得多的水平。这种发展部分是由于一些短期囚犯被转移到社区服务。结果与其他社会经济地位和不同子群体的衡量标准基本相似;累犯的教育水平下降尤其突出。结论:随着时间的推移,芬兰监狱人口越来越脱离劳动力市场,并且通常更加处于不利地位。贡献: 我们提供了关于芬兰监狱人口社会经济构成变化的新证据。这些结果对于旨在提高囚犯就业能力的监狱政策和改造工作非常重要。
更新日期:2024-10-15
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