Breeders made remarkable progress in improving productivity and stability of cultivars. Breeding progress relies on selecting favorable alleles for performance and stability to produce productive varieties across diverse environments. In this study, we analyzed the Genomes to Fields Initiative 2018–2019 genotype by environment interaction (G × E) dataset, focusing on three populations of double haploid (DH) lines derived from crossing inbrexpired Plant Variety Protection (ex-PVP) inbred line PHW65 with inbred lines PHN11, Mo44, and MoG. PHW65 is an Iodent/Lancaster-type inbred; PHN11 is an Iodent type ex-PVP line; Mo44 is a tropical-derived inbred; and MoG is an agronomically poor line derived from the variety Mastadon. Hybrids were produced by crossing the resulting DHs with Stiff Stalk testers PHT69 and LH195. The study's objective was to determine the donor inbreds' relative value and understand the impact of selection history on genomic prediction. We conducted a two-stage analysis to compare hybrid performance and G × E variance of the populations. G × E variance for yield was significantly lower in the PHW65 × PHN11 population relative to the PHW65 × MoG population. The reduced G × E variance of the PHN11 population led to increased indirect prediction accuracy (when training and testing data are drawn from the same population but different environments). In cross-validation, the PHN11 population had the greatest indirect prediction accuracy 45% of the time, followed by the Mo44 population (30%) and the MoG population (25%). Results demonstrate that prediction accuracy was greater in the population with the longest history of selection for favorable alleles (PHN11), contributing to greater yield stability.

中文翻译：

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基因型×环境相互作用和选择历史对玉米基因组预测的影响 （Zea mays L.）


育种者在提高品种的生产力和稳定性方面取得了显著进展。育种进展依赖于选择有利的性能和稳定性等位基因，以在不同环境中生产出高产品种。在这项研究中，我们分析了 2018-2019 年按环境相互作用划分的基因组到田野倡议基因型 （G × E） 数据集，重点关注来自杂交的双单倍体 （DH） 系的三个种群，这些种群来源于自交系 PHW65 与自交系 PHN11、Mo44 和 MoG。PHW65 是 Iodent/Lancaster 型自交系;PHN11 是 Iodent 型 ex-PVP 系列;Mo44 是一种热带来源的自交系;MoG 是源自 Mastadon 品种的农艺差品系。通过将所得的 DH 与 Stiff Stalk 测试仪 PHT69 和 LH195 杂交来产生杂交种。该研究的目的是确定供体近交系的相对价值，并了解选择历史对基因组预测的影响。我们进行了两阶段分析，以比较种群的杂交性能和 G × E 方差。相对于 PHW65 × MoG 群体，PHW65 × PHN11 群体的产量 G × E 方差显著降低。PHN11 群体的 G × E 方差减少导致间接预测准确性提高（当训练和测试数据来自相同的群体但不同的环境时）。在交叉验证中，PHN11 群体在 45% 的时间内具有最大的间接预测准确性，其次是 Mo44 群体 （30%） 和 MoG 群体 （25%）。结果表明，在有利等位基因 （PHN11） 选择历史最长的群体中，预测准确性更高，有助于提高产量稳定性。