The abundance of avocado seeds causes environmental problems. Therefore, avocado seeds, which are high in bioactive compounds, have been utilized. Several extraction methods have been explored to maximize this utilization. However, conventional extraction methods present major challenges due to disadvantages such as requiring high temperatures, high energy consumption, long extraction times, and producing solvent waste. To that purpose, the Pulse electric field (PEF) extraction method was developed, which is highly efficient, has a short extraction process, is environmentally friendly, and does not produce solvent waste. This study observed the effect of electric field strength (2.5–7.5 kV/cm) and pulse frequency (100–250 Hz) until an optimum point on the properties of avocado seed extract (Avs) as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent. The results show that increasing the electric field strength and pulse frequency boosts the extraction yield and total phenolic content (TPC). This is highly supported by SEM images, which show more pores, cavities, and disrupted membrane cells as the electric field strength and pulse frequency increased. GC-MS and FTIR analysis also showed that the extract contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, fatty acids, and other compounds with the representing peaks OH, C−H stretch, CC, −C−H stretch, C−O stretch, and in-plan deformation vibration CH indicating as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. The extract obtained at 7.5 kV/cm with a pulse frequency of 250 Hz shows the best performance of bioactive potential indicated by antioxidant activity, IC₅₀, and surface area of the inhibition zone against E. coli and S. aureus, which are 95.56 %, 90 µg/mL, 396 mm², and 785 mm², respectively. The inhibitory zones of the two microbials were relatively stable until the seventh day of observation. This research showed that the EF extraction method serves as an eco-extraction technology of natural bioactive compounds, which has high potential application as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.

中文翻译：

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使用脉冲电场法从鳄梨 （Persea americana） 种子中提取抗氧化剂和抗菌剂


丰富的鳄梨种子会导致环境问题。因此，使用了生物活性化合物含量高的鳄梨种子。已经探索了几种提取方法来最大限度地提高这种利用率。然而，传统的萃取方法由于需要高温、高能耗、萃取时间长和产生溶剂废液等缺点而面临重大挑战。为此，开发了脉冲电场 （PEF） 萃取方法，该方法效率高、萃取过程短、环保且不会产生溶剂废液。本研究观察了电场强度 （2.5-7.5 kV/cm） 和脉冲频率 （100-250 Hz） 对鳄梨籽提取物 （Avs） 作为抗氧化剂和抗菌剂的性能的影响，直到达到最佳点。结果表明，增加电场强度和脉冲频率可以提高提取产率和总酚含量 （TPC）。SEM 图像高度支持这一点，随着电场强度和脉冲频率的增加，该图像显示了更多的孔隙、空腔和被破坏的膜细胞。GC-MS 和 FTIR 分析还表明，提取物含有多酚、脂肪酸等生物活性化合物和其他化合物，代表峰 OH、C-H 拉伸、C C、-C-H 拉伸、C-O 拉伸和平面内变形振动 CH 表示为抗氧化剂和抗菌剂。在 7.5 kV/cm 下以 250 Hz 的脉冲频率获得的提取物显示出抗氧化活性、IC₅₀ 和对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制区表面积（95）表明的生物活性潜力的最佳性能。分别为 56 %、90 μg/mL、396 mm² 和 785 mm²。直到观察第 7 天，两种微生物的抑制区都相对稳定。这项研究表明，EF 提取法是一种天然生物活性化合物的生态提取技术，作为抗氧化剂和抗菌剂具有很高的潜力。