Small structural changes to benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) dictate its self-assembly behavior and morphological outcome. Functionalization with an α-amino acid close to the BTA core, which also possesses a terminal terpyridine (tpy) unit, led to a robust gel in the case of glycine, whereas monodisperse, solid microspheres formed in the case of alanine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The self-assembly pathways of the chiral and achiral BTAs are orthogonal and both microspheres and gel fibers independently assemble in the same medium. Further hierarchical self-assembly results upon addition of lanthanide ions (i.e., Eu(III) and Tb(III) that emit at long wavelengths with long excited-state lifetimes) that crosslink the microspheres through coordination, whereas coordination within the gel led to a change in morphology toward microspheres, as well as the formation of hierarchical superstructures. The chirality of the BTA influences helicity of the assembly and the resulting enantiomeric conformation around the lanthanides, evidenced by circularly polarized luminescence.

中文翻译：

---

通过氨基酸基苯-1,3,5-三羧酰胺偶联物中的形态转换和模式控制自组装途径


苯-1,3,5-三羧酰胺 （BTA） 的微小结构变化决定了其自组装行为和形态结果。靠近 BTA 核心的 α-氨基酸官能化，BTA 核心也具有末端三吡啶 （tpy） 单元，导致甘氨酸形成坚固的凝胶，而丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸和亮氨酸形成单分散固体微球。手性和非手性 BTA 的自组装途径是正交的，微球和凝胶纤维都独立组装在同一介质中。在添加镧系元素离子（即 Eu（III） 和 Tb（III））后，进一步的分层自组装结果，它们以长激发态寿命发射长波长，通过配位交联微球，而凝胶内的配位导致形态向微球方向变化，以及分层超结构的形成。BTA 的手性影响组装体的螺旋度以及由此产生的镧系元素周围的对映体构象，圆极化发光证明了这一点。