Stress is one of, if not the, most ubiquitously studied risk factor across the health sciences. This is unlikely to change given that the primary drivers of mortality and disability are chronic, stress-mediated illnesses (often highly comorbid with psychopathology). We argue that an important limitation of stress research is the consistency with which the Trier Social Stress Test is used when the research questions are not specific to social stress. We advocate for precision stress research using qualitatively different stressors to facilitate exploration of how different types of stressors might differentially impact health outcomes, including psychopathology. This registered report validates a reward-salient stress task (a modified Anger Incentive Delay Task) in a sample of 101 emerging adults, over half of whom reported clinically relevant anxiety, hypo/mania, depression, and/or suicidal ideation, who participated in a study between 2020 and 2022. This task involves teaching participants a game where they can win money. Part way through, the "goal frustration" condition changes the rules such that correct responses to trials with anticipatory stimuli indicating the possibility to win money actually lose money on 56% of trials despite visual feedback indicating that responses were successful. Results consistently indicated that the Anger Incentive Delay Task successfully reduced positive emotions and motivation and increased negative emotions. The magnitude of these responses was predicted by individual differences in reward and punishment sensitivity. Given the breadth of psychopathologies that share both (a) stress and (b) reward and punishment sensitivity as risk factors, a reward-salient acute stress task is an important tool for precision psychopathology research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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迈向急性压力源的多样化和精确的压力研究：第 2 阶段注册报告，验证新兴成年人的奖励突出压力任务。


压力是健康科学中最普遍研究的风险因素之一，如果不是的话。鉴于死亡和残疾的主要驱动因素是慢性、压力介导的疾病（通常与精神病理学高度共病），这种情况不太可能改变。我们认为，压力研究的一个重要局限性是，当研究问题不特定于社会压力时，使用特里尔社会压力测试的一致性。我们倡导使用定性不同的压力源进行精确的压力研究，以促进探索不同类型的压力源如何对健康结果产生不同影响，包括精神病理学。这份注册报告在 101 名新兴成年人的样本中验证了一项奖励突出压力任务（修改后的愤怒激励延迟任务），其中一半以上报告了临床相关的焦虑、低下/躁狂、抑郁和/或自杀意念，他们在 2020 年至 2022 年期间参加了一项研究。这项任务涉及教参与者一个可以赢钱的游戏。在中途，“目标挫折”条件改变了规则，使得对具有预期刺激的试验的正确反应表明有可能赢钱，尽管视觉反馈表明反应是成功的，但在 56% 的试验中实际上输了钱。结果一致表明，愤怒激励延迟任务成功地减少了积极情绪和动机，增加了消极情绪。这些反应的大小是通过奖励和惩罚敏感性的个体差异来预测的。鉴于 （a） 压力和 （b） 奖励和惩罚敏感性作为风险因素的精神病理学的广度，奖励显著急性压力任务是精确精神病理学研究的重要工具。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。