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Evaluation of US Elastography in Thyroid Nodule Diagnosis: The ElaTION Randomized Control Trial.
Radiology ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-01 , DOI: 10.1148/radiol.240705
Hisham Mehanna,Paul S Sidhu,Gitta Madani,Rebecca Woolley,Kristien Boelaert,Paul Nankivell,Phil Da Forno,Kate Moreman,Andrew Palmer,Tessa Fulton-Lieuw,Neil Sharma,Judith Taylor,Kanchana Rajaguru,Jasper Bekker,Ram Vaidhyanath,Thaj Rehman,Jon Deeks

Background There is variable evidence and no randomized trials on the benefit of US elastography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over conventional US-guided FNAC alone for thyroid nodules. Purpose To compare the efficacy of US elastography-guided FNAC versus US-guided FNAC in reducing nondiagnostic rates for thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods A pragmatic, multicenter randomized controlled trial was performed at 18 secondary and tertiary hospitals across England between February 2015 and September 2018. Eligible adults with single or multiple thyroid nodules who had not previously undergone FNAC were randomized (1:1 ratio) to US elastography FNAC (intervention) or conventional US FNAC (control). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who have a nondiagnostic cytologic Thy1 (British Thyroid Association system) result following the first FNAC. Results A total of 982 participants (mean age, 51.3 years ± 15 [SD] [IQR, 39-63]; male-to-female ratio, 1:4) were randomized. Of the 493 participants who underwent US elastography, 467 (94.7%) were examined with strain US elastography. There was no difference between the two arms in the nondiagnostic (Thy1) rate following the first FNAC (19% vs 16%; risk difference [RD], 0.03 [95% CI: -0.01, 0.07]; P = .11) or in the median time to reach the final definitive diagnosis (3.3 months [IQR, 1.5-6.4] for US elastography FNAC vs 3.4 months [IQR, 1.5-6.2] for US FNAC). All sensitivity analyses supported the primary analysis. Fewer participants in the US elastography FNAC arm underwent diagnostic hemithyroidectomy than in the US FNAC arm (183 of 493 [37%] vs 196 of 489 [40%]), but this was not statistically significant (adjusted RD, 0.02 [95% CI: -0.06, 0.01]; P = 0.15). There was no evidence of a difference in malignancy rates between the two arms: 70 of 493 (14%) in US elastography FNAC arm versus 79 of 489 (16%) in US FNAC arm (P = .39). There was also no difference in the rate of benign histologic findings between the groups (RD, -0.01 [95% CI: -0.04, 0.03]; P = .7). Conclusion Strain US elastography does not appear to have additional benefit over conventional US FNAC in the diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules. Clinical trial registration no. ISRCTN18261857 Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Isikbay and Harwin in this issue.

中文翻译:


美国弹性成像在甲状腺结节诊断中的评估:ElaTION 随机对照试验。



背景 关于美国弹性成像引导的细针穿刺细胞学 (FNAC) 优于常规的美国引导下细针穿刺细胞学 (FNAC) 治疗甲状腺结节的益处,证据各不相同,没有随机试验。目的 比较美国弹性成像引导的 FNAC 与美国引导的 FNAC 在降低甲状腺结节非诊断率方面的疗效。材料和方法 2015 年 2 月至 2018 年 9 月期间,在英格兰的 18 家二级和三级医院进行了一项实用的多中心随机对照试验。患有单个或多个甲状腺结节且既往未接受过 FNAC 的符合条件的成年人被随机分配 (1:1) 至美国弹性成像 FNAC (干预) 或常规 US FNAC (对照)。主要结局是在第一次 FNAC 后出现非诊断性细胞学 Thy1 (英国甲状腺协会系统) 结果的患者比例。结果 共有 982 名参与者 (平均年龄 51.3 岁 ± 15 [SD] [IQR,39-63];男女比例,1:4)被随机分组。在接受 US 弹性成像的 493 名参与者中,467 名 (94.7%) 接受了菌株 US 弹性成像检查。第一次 FNAC 后,两组的非诊断性 (Thy1) 率没有差异 (19% vs 16%;风险差 [RD],0.03 [95% CI: -0.01,0.07];P = .11)或达到最终明确诊断的中位时间(美国弹性成像 FNAC 为 3.3 个月 [IQR,1.5-6.4],美国 FNAC 为 3.4 个月 [IQR,1.5-6.2])。所有敏感性分析均支持主要分析。与美国 FNAC 组相比,美国弹性成像 FNAC 组接受诊断性半甲状腺切除术的参与者更少(493 例中有 183 例 [37%] vs 489 例中的 196 例 [40%]),但这没有统计学意义(校正 RD,0.02 [95% CI: -0.06,0.01];P = 0.15)。 没有证据表明两组之间的恶性肿瘤发生率存在差异:美国弹性成像 FNAC 组 493 例中有 70 例 (14%) 与美国 FNAC 组 489 例中有 79 例 (16%) (P = .39)。两组之间的良性组织学发现率也没有差异 (RD, -0.01 [95% CI: -0.04, 0.03];P = .7)。结论 菌株 US 弹性成像在诊断甲状腺结节恶性肿瘤方面似乎没有比传统的 US FNAC 有额外的益处。临床试验注册号ISRCTN18261857 在 CC BY 4.0 许可下发布。本文提供了补充材料。另请参阅本期 Isikbay 和 Harwin 的社论。
更新日期:2024-10-01
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