This study investigated the impact of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D supplements on bone metabolism, bone measurement, lameness, and selection rate in gilts fed five dietary treatments. Two Ca levels (6.85/6.42 [adequate; ACa] or 8.99/8.56 [high; HCa] g/kg) were combined with either 856 IU/kg vitamin D3 (Danish feeding standards; adequate; AD3) or 50 μg/kg 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (high; HHyD) to create ACaAD3, HCaAD3, ACaHHyD, and HCaHHyD diets. The values 6.85/6.42 and 8.99/8.56 g/kg correspond to adequate and high Ca supply for gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg body weight (BW), respectively. The fifth diet was a combination of HCa and 2,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (high; HD3) to create HCaHD3. Two hundred gilts were phase fed the dietary treatments from 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW until they were slaughtered, either at 100 or 180 kg BW. The gilts were weighed fortnightly, and plasma and urine samples were collected at 100 and 180 kg BW. At slaughter, the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones were collected for bone parameters measurements. Lameness and selection rate were assessed within the last 7 d at 100 and 180 kg BW. Dietary treatments did not affect gilts’ growth performance and plasma concentration of Ca, but urinary concentration of Ca was greater in HCa-supplemented gilts at both 100 (P = 0.003) and 180 (P = 0.05) kg BW. Plasma concentration of vitamin D3 (P < 0.001) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (P < 0.001) showed dose-dependent responses at both 100 and 180 kg BW. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was greater (P = 0.02) in the plasma sample collected at 180 kg BW in gilts fed the HCaHD3 diet and tended to be greater in gilts fed the ACaAD3 diet (P = 0.06). The bone ash content (P = 0.02) was greater in gilts fed the HCaAD3 diet and slaughtered at 100 kg BW compared with gilts fed the ACaAD3 and ACaHHyD diets. However, bone weight, length, thickness, dry matter, and mineral content did not differ among the dietary treatments at both 100 and 180 kg BW (P > 0.05). Neither lameness nor selection rate was affected by the dietary treatments. The average daily gain of gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW showed a positive correlation with bone strength (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and bone ash content (r = 0.24; P = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, higher Ca and vitamin D3 supplementation slightly increased bone ash content but had no effect on lameness or selection rate of the gilts compared to those fed according to the Danish nutrient standards.

中文翻译：

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膳食钙和维生素 D 补充剂对后备母猪血浆骨转换生物标志物、骨矿化、骨强度和跛行评分的影响


本研究调查了钙 （Ca） 和维生素 D 补充剂对饲喂 5 种日粮处理的后备母猪的骨代谢、骨骼测量、跛行和选择率的影响。两个 Ca 水平 （6.85/6.42 [足够;ACa] 或 8.99/8.56 [高;HCa] g/kg）与 856 IU/kg 维生素 D3（丹麦喂养标准;足够;AD3） 或 50 μg/kg 25-羟基维生素 D3 （高;HHyD） 创建 ACaAD3、HCaAD3、ACaHHyD 和 HCaHHyD 饮食。值 6.85/6.42 和 8.99/8.56 g/kg 分别对应于体重 32 至 100 公斤和 100 至 180 公斤体重 （BW） 的后备母猪的充足和高钙供应。第五种饮食是 HCa 和 2,000 IU/kg 维生素 D3 的组合（高;HD3） 创建 HCaHD3。200头后备母猪分阶段饲喂32至100公斤和100至180公斤体重的日粮处理，直到它们以100或180公斤体重屠宰。后备母猪每两周称重一次，收集体重分别为 100 和 180 kg 体重的血浆和尿液样本。在屠宰时，收集第 2 和第 3 掌骨用于骨骼参数测量。在最后 7 天内在 100 和 180 kg 体重时评估跛行和选择率。日粮处理不影响后备母猪的生长性能和血浆钙浓度，但补充盐酸的后备母猪在100公斤（P=0.003）和180公斤（P=0.05）体重时尿钙浓度更高。维生素 D3 （P < 0.001） 和 25-羟基维生素 D3 （P < 0.001） 的血浆浓度在 100 和 180 kg 体重时均显示剂量依赖性反应。在饲喂 HCaHD3 日粮的后备母猪中以 180 kg 体重收集的血浆样本中，骨特异性碱性磷酸酶较高 （P = 0.02），而在饲喂 ACaAD3 日粮的后备母猪中往往更高 （P = 0.06）。骨灰含量 （P = 0.02） 与饲喂 ACaAD3 和 ACaHHyD 日粮的后备母猪相比，饲喂 HCaAD3 日粮并以 100 kg 体重屠宰的后备母猪的产量更高。然而，在 100 和 180 kg 体重下，骨重、长度、厚度、干物质和矿物质含量在日粮处理之间没有差异 （P > 0.05）。跛行和选择率均不受饮食治疗的影响。体重为 32 至 100 和 100 至 180 kg 体重的后备母猪的平均日增重与骨骼强度呈正相关 （r = 0.37;P < 0.001） 和骨灰含量 （r = 0.24;P = 0.02）。总之，与根据丹麦营养标准饲喂的后备母猪相比，较高的钙和维生素 D3 补充剂略微增加了骨灰含量，但对后备母猪的跛行或选择率没有影响。