BackgroundGiven the link between chronic inflammation and periodontal pathologies and increased cardiovascular risk, this study aims to investigate if gingivitis exacerbates the inflammatory response and subclinical atherosclerotic markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsFor this case–control study, women were assigned to three groups: two PCOS groups (with and without gingivitis) and a control group. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined, along with periodontal parameters (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], bleeding on probing [BOP], plaque index, calculus index, and tooth loss), systemic and neutrophil inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], C‐reactive protein [CRP], and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase [JNK]), systemic oxidative stress mediators (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and glutathione), soluble cellular adhesion molecules, and neutrophil–endothelium cell interactions (rolling flux, velocity, and adhesion).ResultsOf 104 women recruited, 68 had PCOS, 24 of whom presented gingivitis, and 36 were controls. PCOS patients presented altered sexual hormone, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles. Levels of systemic inflammatory markers, MPO, and soluble platelet selectin (sP‐selectin) were higher, and glutathione levels were lower in PCOS patients. BOP, plaque, and calculus index values were higher in PCOS patients with gingivitis. Neutrophils from PCOS patients showed increased JNK and decreased adhesion under flow conditions, with reduced rolling velocity and increased rolling flux and cellular adhesion, all of which were more pronounced in those with gingivitis. BOP was independently associated with rolling velocity, rolling flux, and cellular adhesion.ConclusionNeutrophils of PCOS patients with gingivitis exhibit hyperactivity, promoting interaction with the endothelium and potentially contributing to atherosclerotic disease.Plain Language SummaryCurrently, there is a high prevalence of diseases that affect tooth‐supporting tissues (periodontal diseases) and negatively influence the oral health and quality of life of the adult population. These pathologies lead to movement of the teeth and impairment of chewing function, eventually resulting in the loss of teeth. In recent years, the concept of periodontal medicine has arisen and consists of studying how periodontal diseases can influence our general inflammatory system and how systemic inflammatory pathologies can affect our oral health. In the present study, we evaluate a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by alterations of sex hormones and lipid profile and weight gain (body mass index). Our results show a high prevalence of gum inflammation among women with PCOS, which affects the interaction of their leukocytes and endothelial cells. The leukocytes of these women are hyper‐responsive, presenting greater endothelial adhesion, lower flow velocity and enhanced rolling compared to those in a PCOS group without gum inflammation or controls. This study has generated a new line of research to analyze how neutrophils from patients with gingivitis exhibit hyperactivity, which promotes their interaction with the endothelium, thus contributing to the development of atherosclerotic disease.

中文翻译：

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多囊卵巢综合征女性患者的牙龈炎症和白细胞-内皮细胞相互作用


背景鉴于慢性炎症和牙周病与心血管风险增加之间的联系，本研究旨在调查牙龈炎是否会加剧多囊卵巢综合征 （PCOS） 女性的炎症反应和亚临床动脉粥样硬化标志物。方法对于这项病例对照研究，女性被分为三组： 两组 PCOS 组 （有和没有牙龈炎） 和一个对照组。测定人体测量和生化变量，以及牙周参数 （探诊袋深度 [PPD] 、临床附着水平 [CAL]、探诊出血 [BOP]、牙菌斑指数、牙结石指数和牙齿脱落）、全身性和中性粒细胞炎症标志物 （肿瘤坏死因子 α [TNFα]、C 反应蛋白 [CRP] 和 c-Jun N 末端激酶 [JNK]）、全身氧化应激介质（髓过氧化物酶 [MPO] 和谷胱甘肽）， 可溶性细胞粘附分子和中性粒细胞-内皮细胞相互作用（滚动通量、速度和粘附）。结果在招募的 104 名女性中，68 名患有 PCOS，其中 24 名表现为牙龈炎，36 名为对照。PCOS 患者的性激素、血脂和碳水化合物谱发生改变。PCOS 患者的全身炎症标志物、 MPO 和可溶性血小板选择素 （sP-选择素） 水平较高，谷胱甘肽水平较低。PCOS 牙龈炎患者的 BOP 、牙菌斑和牙结石指数值较高。PCOS 患者的中性粒细胞在流动条件下表现出 JNK 增加和粘附降低，滚动速度降低，滚动通量和细胞粘附增加，所有这些都在牙龈炎患者中更为明显。BOP 与滚动速度、滚动磁通量和细胞粘附独立相关。结论PCOS 牙龈炎患者的中性粒细胞表现为多动症，促进与内皮细胞的相互作用，并可能导致动脉粥样硬化疾病。简明语言摘要目前，影响牙齿支撑组织（牙周病）并对成年人口的口腔健康和生活质量产生负面影响的疾病患病率很高。这些病理导致牙齿移动和咀嚼功能受损，最终导致牙齿脱落。近年来，牙周医学的概念已经出现，包括研究牙周病如何影响我们的一般炎症系统以及全身炎症病理如何影响我们的口腔健康。在本研究中，我们评估了一组患有多囊卵巢综合征 （PCOS） 的女性，这种疾病的特征是性激素和血脂水平的改变以及体重增加（体重指数）。我们的结果表明，PCOS 女性患者的牙龈炎症患病率很高，这会影响她们的白细胞和内皮细胞的相互作用。这些女性的白细胞反应性高，与没有牙龈炎症或对照的 PCOS 组相比，表现出更大的内皮粘附、更低的流速和更强的滚动。这项研究产生了一条新的研究路线，以分析牙龈炎患者的中性粒细胞如何表现出多动，从而促进它们与内皮细胞的相互作用，从而促进动脉粥样硬化性疾病的发展。