Environmental pollutant sensing is essential to the sustainable development of human health and ecosystems. As a category of two-dimensional materials consisting of nitrides and carbides, MXenes have emerged as highly attractive candidates for electrochemical sensing of environmental pollutants, including toxic gases, harmful volatile organic compounds, and biologically relevant components, owing to their strong metallic conductivity, easy customization, abundant surface functional groups and large interlayer spacings. This comprehensive review firstly assesses the environmental pollutant sensing mechanism and modular MXene electrode fabrication methods. Subsequently, the research progress on MXenes is summarized by comparing their performances in environmental pollutant detection. Furthermore, ways to improve the electrochemical stability and selectivity of MXenes using different techniques are further discussed. Finally, challenges faced in this field and prospective directions for future research are suggested by integrating emerging technologies and interdisciplinary approaches. The key objective of this review is to motivate engineers and materials scientists to consider incorporating MXenes into technologies for environmental protection, thereby providing inventive solutions to urgent global issues.

中文翻译：

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用于电化学环境污染物传感的工程 MXenes


环境污染物传感对于人类健康和生态系统的可持续发展至关重要。MXenes 作为一类由氮化物和碳化物组成的二维材料，由于其金属导电性强、易于定制、表面官能团丰富、层间距大等优点，已成为环境污染物（包括有毒气体、有害挥发性有机化合物和生物相关成分）电化学传感极具吸引力的候选材料。本文首先对环境污染物传感机制和模块化 MXene 电极制备方法进行了综述。随后，通过比较 MXenes 在环境污染物检测方面的性能，总结了 MXenes 的研究进展。此外，进一步讨论了使用不同技术提高 MXenes 电化学稳定性和选择性的方法。最后，通过整合新兴技术和跨学科方法，提出了该领域面临的挑战和未来研究的前瞻性方向。本综述的主要目标是激励工程师和材料科学家考虑将 MXenes 纳入环保技术，从而为紧迫的全球问题提供创造性的解决方案。