The application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries faces challenges such as sluggish redox kinetics of sulfur species and damage to the lithium anode. Herein we introduce crown ether-based electrolytes as additives to address these issues. Density functional theory (DFT) results verified the validity of dibenzo-24-crown-8 (D24C8), which was found to promote sulfur species conversion kinetics. Furthermore, the D24C8 additive enabled the reversion of lithium plating/stripping, suppressed dendrite growth and mitigated detrimental side reactions at the lithium anode caused by LiPSs. D24C8 exhibits outstanding performance in modulating the orbital energy levels of sulfur species and improving lithium anode stability, so it can be used as a bifunctional additive for regulating Li–S batteries. Li–S batteries with D24C8 demonstrated promising high-rate performance and long-term cycling stability, with over 1200 cycles at a 2 C rate and a capacity decay of only 0.034% per cycle. This work presents advanced electrolyte design for next-generation sustainable Li–S batteries and provides insights into optimizing analogous multiphase electrochemical energy-efficient reaction processes.

中文翻译：

---

苯并冠醚电解质添加剂促进高性能锂硫电池的析硫和锂负极稳定


锂硫 （Li-S） 电池的应用面临硫物质氧化还原动力学缓慢和锂负极损坏等挑战。在本文中，我们介绍冠醚基电解质作为添加剂来解决这些问题。密度泛函理论 （DFT） 结果验证了二苯并-24-冠-8 （D24C8） 的有效性，发现二苯并-24-冠-8 可促进硫物质转化动力学。此外，D24C8 添加剂能够逆转锂电镀/剥离，抑制枝晶生长并减轻由 LiP 引起的锂负极有害副反应。D24C8 在调节硫物质的轨道能级和提高锂负极稳定性方面表现出出色的性能，因此可以用作调节 Li-S 电池的双功能添加剂。采用 D24C8 的 Li-S 电池表现出有前途的高倍率性能和长期循环稳定性，在 2 C 倍率下循环超过 1200 次，每次循环的容量衰减仅为 0.034%。这项工作介绍了下一代可持续 Li-S 电池的先进电解质设计，并为优化类似的多相电化学节能反应过程提供了见解。