While the effects of climatic changes on migration have received widespread public and scientific attention, comparative evidence for their influence on internal migration worldwide remains scarce. Here we use census-based data from 72 countries (1960–2016) to analyse 107,840 migration flows between subnational regions. We find that increased drought and aridity have a significant impact on internal migration, particularly in the hyper-arid and arid areas of Southern Europe, South Asia, Africa and the Middle East and South America. Migration patterns are shaped by the wealth, agricultural dependency and urbanization of both origin and destination areas with migration responses being stronger in rural and predominantly agricultural areas. While overall climatic effects on migration are stronger in richer countries, we observe higher out-migration from poorer towards wealthier regions within countries. Furthermore, age and education groups respond differently to climatic stress, highlighting distinct mobility patterns of population subgroups across different geographic contexts.

虽然气候变化对移民的影响受到了公众和科学界的广泛关注，但关于它们对全球国内移民影响的比较证据仍然很少。在这里，我们使用来自 72 个国家（1960-2016 年）的人口普查数据来分析次国家级地区之间的 107,840 次移民流动。我们发现，干旱和干旱的增加对国内移民有重大影响，特别是在南欧、南亚、非洲以及中东和南美洲的极度干旱和干旱地区。迁移模式受来源地和目的地地区的财富、农业依赖和城市化的影响，其中农村和以农业为主的地区的迁移反应更为强烈。虽然较富裕国家对移民的总体气候影响更大，但我们观察到国家内从较贫穷地区向较富裕地区的移民率更高。此外，年龄和教育群体对气候压力的反应不同，突出了不同地理背景下人口亚群的不同流动性模式。