Objective This study investigated the effectiveness of supramaximal high-intensity interval training (supramaximal HIT) on muscle capacities and physical function compared to moderate-intensity training (MIT) for older adults. Methods Sixty-eight older adults (66–79 years, 56% women), not engaged in regular exercise, were randomised to 3 months of twice-weekly supramaximal HIT (20 minutes including 10 × 6-second intervals) or MIT (40 minutes including 3 × 8-minute intervals). Both groups performed the training on stationary bicycles in a group setting. Target intensity was watt-controlled, with standardised cadence and individualised resistance. Outcomes analysed with linear-mixed models included leg power (Nottingham Power Rig), hand grip strength (Jamar dynamometer), static and dynamic balance (One leg stance, 30-second step test), chair stand (30-second chair stand), and anaerobic cycling performance (modified Borg Cycle Strength Test). Results Baseline values were (supramaximal HIT/MIT, mean ± SD) leg power 198 ± 60/189 ± 53 W, hand grip strength 4.2 ± 1.0/4.3 ± 1.1 N/kg, static balance 64 ± 41/62 ± 41 s, dynamic balance 39 ± 7/38 ± 5 steps, chair stands 22 ± 6/22 ± 6 and anaerobic cycling performance 224 ± 60/217 ± 55 W. At 3-month follow-up, a between-group difference in favour of supramaximal HIT [95% CI] was observed in anaerobic cycling performance of 19[3;35] W. Within-group mean changes for supramaximal HIT/MIT were for leg power 8.4[0.9;15.8]/6.0[−1.3;13.3] W, hand grip strength 0.14[0.00;0.27]/0.13[−0.01;0.26] N/kg, static balance 11[3;20]/10[1;18] s, dynamic balance 1.6[0.3;2.8]/2.3[1.1;3.6] steps, 2.1[1.1;3.1]/1.4[0.4;2.3] chair stands and anaerobic cycling performance 31.3[19.6;43.0]/12.0[0.4;23.5] W. Conclusion Supramaximal HIT showed superior effect on anaerobic cycling performance when compared to MIT. Additionally, the results indicate that supramaximal HIT is comparably beneficial as MIT in terms of effects on muscle capacity and physical function for older adults.

中文翻译：

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受控超最大高强度间歇训练对老年人肌肉能力和身体功能的影响：于默奥 HIT 研究的次要结果分析——一项随机对照试验


目的 本研究调查了与中等强度训练 （MIT） 相比，超最大高强度间歇训练 （supramaximal HIT） 对老年人肌肉能力和身体功能的有效性。方法 68 名未定期锻炼的老年人 （66-79 岁，56% 为女性） 被随机分配到 3 个月每周两次的超极大 HIT （20 分钟，包括 10 × 6 秒的间隔） 或 MIT （40 分钟，包括 3 × 8 分钟的间隔）。两组都在小组环境中对固定自行车进行了训练。靶区强度是瓦特控制的，具有标准化的节奏和个体化的阻力。使用线性混合模型分析的结果包括腿部力量（Nottingham Power Rig）、手握力（Jamar 测力计）、静态和动平衡（单腿站立，30 秒步测试）、椅子支架（30 秒椅子支架）和厌氧循环性能（改良的 Borg 循环力量测试）。结果 基线值为 （超最大 HIT/MIT，平均 ± SD）腿力 198 ± 60/189 ± 53 W，握力 4.2 ± 1.0/4.3 ± 1.1 N/kg，静态平衡 64 ± 41/62 ± 41 s，动平衡 39 ± 7/38 ± 5 级，椅子支架 22 ± 6/22 ± 6 和无氧循环性能 224 ± 60/217 ± 55 W。在 3 个月的随访中，观察到支持超最大 HIT [95% CI] 的无氧循环表现的组间差异为 19[3;35] W. 超最大 HIT/MIT 的组内平均变化为腿部功率 8.4[0.9;15.8]/6.0[−1.3;13.3] W，手握力 0.14[0.00;0.27]/0.13[−0.01;0.26] N/kg，静天平 11[3;20]/10[1;18] s，动平衡 1.6[0.3;2.8]/2.3[1.1;3.6] 步骤，2.1[1.1;3.1]/1.4[0.4;2.3] 椅子架和厌氧自行车性能 31.3[19.6;43.0]/12.0[0.4;23.5] W. 结论 与 MIT 相比，超最大 HIT 对厌氧循环性能的影响更优。此外，结果表明，就对老年人的肌肉能力和身体功能的影响而言，超最大 HIT 与 MIT 相当有益。