Purpose of review

A rapidly changing climate is weakening the resilience of forest ecosystems through vitality loss of major native tree species, which reduces the ability of forests to deliver ecosystem services. Established invasive tree species (EITS) may take over the vacant space potentially preventing the regeneration of the preferred native tree species. This paper aims to investigate how expansion of these invasive non-native tree species can be addressed in a context of climate-smart forest management, considering alternatives to costly and often ineffective EITS control measures.

Recent findings

We found that forest ecologists increasingly recognize that climate-smart forest management, in particular tree species diversification and close-to-nature forest management, can strengthen the resilience of forests against negative impacts by EITS. In the resulting resilient forest ecosystems, a more closed canopy may deprive EITS of their invasive nature, and EITS may contribute to climate change adaptation.

Summary

This review proposes new pathways for forest management transcending the apparent incompatibility between the dominance of EITS and the adaptation capacity of forests and forest management to climate change. Adaptive measures to increase the resilience of forests to climate change may prevent the dominance of EITS. Under such conditions, useful functional traits of these tree species may even contribute to maintenance or enhancement of biodiversity, provisioning of ecosystem services and adaptation to climate change.

中文翻译：

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已建立的入侵树种为森林对气候变化的适应能力提供了机会

 审查目的

快速变化的气候正在削弱森林生态系统的复原力，主要本地树种的活力丧失，从而降低了森林提供生态系统服务的能力。已建立的入侵树种 （EITS） 可能会占据空地，从而可能阻止首选的本地树种的再生。本文旨在研究如何在气候智能型森林管理的背景下解决这些入侵性非本地树种的扩张问题，考虑替代昂贵且通常无效的 EITS 控制措施。

 最新发现

我们发现，森林生态学家越来越认识到，气候智能型森林管理，特别是树种多样化和接近自然的森林管理，可以增强森林抵御 EITS 负面影响的复原力。在由此产生的有弹性的森林生态系统中，更封闭的树冠可能会剥夺 EITS 的入侵性，而 EITS 可能有助于适应气候变化。

 总结

本综述提出了森林管理的新途径，超越了 EITS 的主导地位与森林和森林管理对气候变化的适应能力之间的明显不相容性。提高森林对气候变化的适应力的适应性措施可能会阻止 EITS 的主导地位。在这种情况下，这些树种的有用功能性状甚至可能有助于维持或增强生物多样性、提供生态系统服务和适应气候变化。