Migrant and refugee children are at risk of experiencing various forms of violence before, during, or after migration. This study systematically identifies, reviews, and synthesizes evidence on protective and promotive factors that contribute to the resilience of migrant and refugee children facing violence. Of the 3,663 articles identified through search in five electronic databases and snowball technique, 31 quantitative or qualitative research studies met the inclusion criteria. To be included in the review, studies had to (1) have been published after 2013; (2) have been published in English; (3) include migrant or refugee children and/or adolescents aged 18 or below at the time of interview or migration; (4) mention some types of maltreatment, peer violence, or community violence faced by the children or adolescents; (5) examine the association between the hypothesized protective or promotive factors and indicators of adaptive functioning; and (6) include outcome measures that assessed adaptive functioning such as well-being or absence or low-levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Quality assessment did not lead to the exclusion of any studies. Five levels of protective and promotive factors were identified: individual, family, school and peers, community, and spatial dimension, which converged to highlight the importance of regulatory, interpersonal, and meaning-making strengths for these children. Understanding and addressing these protective and promotive factors is crucial for promoting well-being and improving mental health outcomes in migrant and refugee children facing violence. The findings of this review have significant implications for designing intervention programs and public policies that support these children effectively.

中文翻译：

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移民和难民儿童面临暴力的保护因素和促进因素：系统评价


移民和难民儿童在移民之前、期间或之后面临各种形式的暴力。本研究系统地识别、审查和综合了有助于移民和难民儿童面临暴力的复原力的保护和促进因素的证据。在通过在 5 个电子数据库和 Snowball 技术中搜索确定的 3,663 篇文章中，有 31 项定量或定性研究符合纳入标准。要纳入本综述，研究必须 （1） 在 2013 年之后发表;（2） 已以英文出版;（3） 包括在面谈或移民时年龄在 18 岁或以下的移民或难民儿童和/或青少年;（4） 提及儿童或青少年面临的某些类型的虐待、同伴暴力或社区暴力;（5） 检查假设的保护或促进因素与适应性功能指标之间的关联;（6） 包括评估适应性功能的结果测量，例如幸福感或缺失或低水平的内化和外化问题。质量评估未导致任何研究被排除。确定了五个级别的保护和促进因素：个人、家庭、学校和同龄人、社区和空间维度，这些因素汇聚在一起，突出了调节、人际关系和意义创造优势对这些儿童的重要性。了解和解决这些保护和促进因素对于促进面临暴力的移民和难民儿童的福祉和改善心理健康结果至关重要。本综述的结果对于设计有效支持这些儿童的干预计划和公共政策具有重要意义。