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Marine reserves can buffer against environmental fluctuations for overexploited but not sustainably harvested fisheries
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-11 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.3043 J. Wilson White, D. Patrick Kilduff, Alan Hastings, Louis W. Botsford
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-11 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.3043 J. Wilson White, D. Patrick Kilduff, Alan Hastings, Louis W. Botsford
Globally, decision‐makers are seeking management levers that can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on ecosystems that have already been transformed from their natural state by the effects of fishing. An important question is whether marine reserves can provide buffering (i.e., population‐level resilience) against climate disturbances to fished populations. Here, we examine one aspect of this question, by asking whether marine reserves can reduce the variability in either overall biomass or in fishery yield, in the face of environmental variability. This could happen because greater reproduction of longer‐lived, larger fish inside reserves could supplement recruitment to the fished portion of the population. We addressed this question using age‐structured population models, assuming a system where some proportion of the coastline is protected in marine reserves (0%–30%), and the remainder is fished (at a range of possible harvest rates). We modeled populations with sedentary adults and dispersal via a larval pool. Since recent extreme climate events (e.g., marine heatwaves) have reduced juvenile survival for some fish species, we assumed that environmental variability affected the survival of the first age class in our model. We viewed population variability as a question of buffering, measured as the proportion of time a simulated population spent below a target reference point, with the idea that marine reserves could prevent the population from reaching low levels in the face of fishing and environmental variability. We found that fisheries with more area in marine reserves always had less variability in biomass. However, adding marine reserves only reduced variability in fisheries yield when the fished part of the population was being harvested at a rate exceeding the maximum sustainable yield. This new result on reducing variability is in line with previous findings that the “spillover” effects of marine reserve benefits to fishery yields only accrue when the fishery outside reserve boundaries is being overharvested.
中文翻译:
海洋保护区可以缓冲过度开发但未可持续捕捞的渔业的环境波动
在全球范围内,决策者正在寻求管理杠杆,以减轻气候变化对生态系统的负面影响,这些生态系统已经因渔业的影响而从自然状态转变为生态系统。一个重要的问题是海洋保护区是否可以为捕捞种群提供缓冲(即种群层面的复原力)来抵御气候干扰。在这里,我们研究了这个问题的一个方面,即在环境变化的情况下,海洋保护区是否可以减少总生物量或渔业产量的变化。这可能是因为保护区内寿命更长、体型更大的鱼的更大繁殖可以补充对捕捞部分种群的补充。我们使用年龄结构的种群模型来解决这个问题,假设一个系统,其中一部分海岸线受到海洋保护区的保护 (0%-30%),其余的被捕捞(以一系列可能的捕捞率)。我们用久坐的成虫对种群进行建模,并通过幼虫池进行传播。由于最近的极端气候事件(例如海洋热浪)降低了某些鱼类的幼鱼存活率,因此我们假设环境变异性影响了我们模型中第一年龄段的存活率。我们将种群变异性视为一个缓冲问题,以模拟种群在目标参考点以下花费的时间比例来衡量,其想法是海洋保护区可以防止种群在面对捕捞和环境变异时达到低水平。我们发现,海洋保护区面积较大的渔业生物量变化较小。 然而,当捕捞部分种群的捕捞速度超过最大可持续产量时,增加海洋保护区只会减少渔业产量的可变性。这一关于减少可变性的新结果与之前的发现一致,即海洋保护区效益对渔业产量的“溢出”效应只有在保护区边界外的渔业被过度捕捞时才会累积。
更新日期:2024-10-11
中文翻译:
![](https://scdn.x-mol.com/jcss/images/paperTranslation.png)
海洋保护区可以缓冲过度开发但未可持续捕捞的渔业的环境波动
在全球范围内,决策者正在寻求管理杠杆,以减轻气候变化对生态系统的负面影响,这些生态系统已经因渔业的影响而从自然状态转变为生态系统。一个重要的问题是海洋保护区是否可以为捕捞种群提供缓冲(即种群层面的复原力)来抵御气候干扰。在这里,我们研究了这个问题的一个方面,即在环境变化的情况下,海洋保护区是否可以减少总生物量或渔业产量的变化。这可能是因为保护区内寿命更长、体型更大的鱼的更大繁殖可以补充对捕捞部分种群的补充。我们使用年龄结构的种群模型来解决这个问题,假设一个系统,其中一部分海岸线受到海洋保护区的保护 (0%-30%),其余的被捕捞(以一系列可能的捕捞率)。我们用久坐的成虫对种群进行建模,并通过幼虫池进行传播。由于最近的极端气候事件(例如海洋热浪)降低了某些鱼类的幼鱼存活率,因此我们假设环境变异性影响了我们模型中第一年龄段的存活率。我们将种群变异性视为一个缓冲问题,以模拟种群在目标参考点以下花费的时间比例来衡量,其想法是海洋保护区可以防止种群在面对捕捞和环境变异时达到低水平。我们发现,海洋保护区面积较大的渔业生物量变化较小。 然而,当捕捞部分种群的捕捞速度超过最大可持续产量时,增加海洋保护区只会减少渔业产量的可变性。这一关于减少可变性的新结果与之前的发现一致,即海洋保护区效益对渔业产量的“溢出”效应只有在保护区边界外的渔业被过度捕捞时才会累积。