The concept of immunity debt is a phenomenon resulting from the suppression of endemic pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The reduced circulation of various pathogens during the pandemic, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), altered typical infectious disease dynamics by reducing levels of population immunity usually acquired through exposure to infection. This concept is demonstrated through post-pandemic resurgence of diseases such as RSV and Group A Streptococcus, and highlights the interplay between reduced pathogen exposure and increased susceptibility in populations. The complexities and non-linear dynamics of seasonal transmission are observed in differences in pathogen resurgence across regions. These issues highlight the importance of comprehensive disease surveillance and public health strategies in mitigating these long-term epidemiological impacts.

中文翻译：

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易感性周期：免疫债务解释了大流行后传染病动态的变化


免疫债务的概念是由于 COVID-19 大流行期间由于非药物干预 （NPI） 而抑制地方病病原体而产生的一种现象。大流行期间各种病原体的传播减少，尤其是呼吸道合胞病毒 （RSV），通过降低通常通过暴露于感染获得的人群免疫水平，改变了典型的传染病动态。这一概念通过 RSV 和 A 组链球菌等疾病的大流行后卷土重来得到证明，并强调了病原体暴露减少与人群易感性增加之间的相互作用。季节性传播的复杂性和非线性动态可以在不同地区病原体卷土重来的差异中观察到。这些问题凸显了全面的疾病监测和公共卫生策略在减轻这些长期流行病学影响方面的重要性。