A global outbreak of clade II mpox associated with sexual contact, disproportionately affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), has been ongoing since May 2022. Information on types of contact most associated with transmission is limited. This report used data from a multijurisdictional vaccine effectiveness case-control study of sexually active persons aged 18-49 years who identified as MSM or transgender, collected during August 2022-July 2023. Odds of mpox associated with selected types of intimate and nonintimate close contact with a person with mpox were estimated. Among 457 case-patients and 1,030 control patients who met minimum data requirements, 150 (32.8%) case-patients and 57 (5.5%) control patients reported close contact with a person with mpox and were included in this analysis. Adjusted odds of mpox were 5.4 times as high among those who reported having condomless receptive anal sex with a person with mpox, compared with participants who reported close contact with a person with mpox and no condomless receptive anal sex with that person (OR = 5.4; p = 0.031). Although the mpox vaccine is highly effective, vaccination coverage remains low; a multifaceted approach to prevention remains important and should include vaccination promotion, safer sex practices, and increasing awareness that mpox continues to circulate.

中文翻译：

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男男性行为者和跨性别成年人与亲密和非亲密密切接触相关的分支 II 猴痘风险 - 美国，2022 年 8 月至 2023 年 7 月。


自 2022 年 5 月以来，与性接触相关的分支 II 猴痘全球暴发，不成比例地影响男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者 （MSM）。关于与传播最相关的接触类型的信息有限。本报告使用了 2022 年 8 月至 2023 年 7 月期间收集的 18-49 岁性活跃者（MSM 或跨性别者）的多辖区疫苗有效性病例对照研究的数据。估计了与猴痘患者进行选定类型的亲密和非亲密密切接触相关的 mpox 几率。在满足最低数据要求的 457 名病例患者和 1,030 名对照患者中，150 名 （32.8%） 病例患者和 57 名 （5.5%） 对照患者报告与 mpox 患者有密切接触，并被纳入本分析。与报告与 mpox 患者有过密切接触但未与该人进行无套接受性的参与者相比，报告与 mpox 患者进行无套接受性的人的 mpox 校正几率高出 5.4 倍（OR = 5.4;p = 0.031）。尽管 mpox 疫苗非常有效，但疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低;多方面的预防方法仍然很重要，应包括促进疫苗接种、安全性行为以及提高对 mpox 继续传播的认识。