INTRODUCTIONWe evaluated impaired odor identification and global cognition as simple, cost‐effective alternatives to neuroimaging biomarkers to predict cognitive decline and dementia in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.METHODSSix hundred forty‐seven participants (mean 8.1, standard deviation 3.4 years’ follow‐up) had the following baseline procedures: modified Blessed Information Memory Concentration Test (BIMCT), 12‐item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (11C‐PiB) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG; subset).RESULTSCognitive decline developed in 102 participants and dementia in 34 participants. In survival analyses, PiB PET showed robust prediction for cognitive decline. Impaired BSIT, impaired BIMCT, MRI, and FDG measures were also significant predictors. The combination of demographics + BSIT + BIMCT showed strong predictive utility (C‐index 0.81), similar to demographics + PiB PET (C‐index 0.80). Similar but stronger results were obtained for prediction of dementia.DISCUSSIONImpairment in both odor identification test and global cognition was comparable to PiB PET for predicting cognitive decline and dementia.Highlights In 647 participants in the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, several clinical markers and biomarkers each predicted cognitive decline or dementia during an average 8 years of follow‐up. The combination of the demographic variables of age, sex, and education with a brief odor identification test (BSIT) and a global cognitive test (Blessed Information Memory Concentration Test) showed strong predictive utility (C‐index 0.81) for cognitive decline that was similar to the demographic variables combined with Pittsburgh Compound B amyloid imaging (C‐index 0.80). Combining a brief odor identification test with a brief cognitive test needs consideration as a simple, cost‐effective option in the clinical assessment of individuals at risk of cognitive decline and dementia, as well as a potential tool to identify individuals who may benefit from disease‐modifying treatments and to screen participants for prevention trials.

中文翻译：

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简要嗅觉和认知评估与神经影像学生物标志物在预测 MCSA 队列中认知能力下降和痴呆的比较


引言在梅奥诊所老龄化研究中，我们评估了受损的气味识别和整体认知作为神经影像学生物标志物的简单、经济高效的替代方案，以预测认知能力下降和痴呆.方法九百四十七名参与者（平均 8.1，标准差 3.4 年随访）进行了以下基线程序：改良的祝福信息记忆浓度测试 （BIMCT），12 项简要气味识别测试 （BSIT）， 使用 11C-匹兹堡化合物 B （11C-PiB） 和氟脱氧葡萄糖 （FDG;亚群） 进行结构性脑磁共振成像 （MRI） 和正电子发射断层扫描 （PET） 成像。结果102 名参与者出现认知衰退，34 名参与者出现痴呆。在生存分析中，PiB PET 显示出对认知能力下降的稳健预测。BSIT 受损、BIMCT 受损、MRI 和 FDG 测量也是重要的预测因素。人口统计学 + BSIT + BIMCT 的组合显示出很强的预测效用 （C 指数 0.81），类似于人口统计学 + PiB PET （C 指数 0.80）。在预测痴呆方面获得了相似但更强的结果。讨论气味识别测试和整体认知的损伤在预测认知能力下降和痴呆方面与 PiB PET 相当。亮点 在基于人群的梅奥诊所老龄化研究的 647 名参与者中，在平均 8 年的随访中，几种临床标志物和生物标志物分别预测了认知能力下降或痴呆。年龄、性别和教育程度的人口统计变量与简短气味识别测试 （BSIT） 和整体认知测试 （祝福信息记忆集中度测试） 相结合，显示出很强的预测效用 （C 指数 0.81） 的认知能力下降，这与人口统计变量结合匹兹堡化合物 B 淀粉样蛋白成像 （C 指数 0.80） 相似。将简短的气味识别测试与简短的认知测试相结合需要考虑，作为对有认知能力下降和痴呆风险的个体进行临床评估的一种简单、经济高效的选择，以及识别可能从疾病缓解治疗中受益的个体和筛选参与者进行预防试验的潜在工具。