Managerial heuristics – simple methods for solving problems – are critical for key functions, such as deciding, strategizing, and organizing. Yet, research on managerial heuristics has been siloed into divergent streams, creating polarization among empirical findings and sparking numerous calls for integration. The goal of this review is to integrate different understandings of the construct, different processes examined by extant research, and divergent perspectives on heuristics’ performance into a coherent conceptual framework. We systematically reviewed 54 articles focusing on two complementary processes: the creation and the use of managerial heuristics. We discovered that research which describes the performance of heuristics as suboptimal focuses on the study of innate heuristics which are used reflexively; meanwhile, research which frames heuristics positively focuses on the study of learned heuristics which are used deliberately. We, thus, propose that the two perspectives on managerial heuristics are not contradictory but complementary. Based on this novel differentiation, we, first, aggregate the inputs and outcomes of creating and of using managerial heuristics into an integrative framework built around the manager's cognitive effort; second, we propose managerial heuristics as storage devices for managerial experience, time, cognitive effort and information about the environment; and third, we discuss implications for future research.

中文翻译：

---

迈向管理启发式方法的启发式观点：整合不同的观点


管理启发式法 – 解决问题的简单方法 – 对于关键功能至关重要，例如决策、制定战略和组织。然而，关于管理启发式的研究被孤立地分成不同的流派，在实证研究结果之间造成了两极分化，并引发了许多整合的呼声。本综述的目的是将对结构的不同理解、现有研究检查的不同过程以及对启发式性能的不同观点整合到一个连贯的概念框架中。我们系统地回顾了 54 篇文章，重点关注两个互补的过程：管理启发式的创建和使用。我们发现，将启发式方法的性能描述为次优的研究侧重于对反射性使用的先天启发式的研究;同时，积极构建启发式的研究侧重于对有意识使用的习得启发式的研究。因此，我们提出，关于管理启发式的两种观点并不矛盾，而是互补的。基于这种新颖的差异化，我们首先将创建和使用管理启发式方法的输入和结果汇总到一个围绕管理者的认知努力构建的综合框架中;其次，我们提出管理启发式作为管理经验、时间、认知努力和环境信息的存储设备;第三，我们讨论了对未来研究的影响。