Fisheries bycatch poses one of the most significant threats to sea turtles. Although various methodologies have been developed to mitigate sea turtle bycatch in swordfish and tuna longline fisheries, the effectiveness and interactions remain uncertain. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis, encompassing 41 studies focused on sea turtles and 36 studies on tunas, swordfish and sharks, all derived from well‐controlled experimental research in swordfish and tuna longline fisheries. The objective was to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of species‐specific mitigation strategies for sea turtles, particularly examining the impact of circle hooks and fish bait as alternatives to conventional longline fishing practices. While a nuanced hierarchy, characterised by species‐specific patterns, was observed among the mitigation measures, circle hooks demonstrated great promise in reducing bycatch of loggerhead, olive ridley and leatherback turtles, with minimal impact on the catch rates of tuna, swordfish and sharks. We highlighted the broader applicability of fish bait in minimising sea turtle bycatch, noting that the effectiveness of bait may overlap with that of hooks, potentially making the additional benefits of the hooks less evident. The study also revealed regional variations in the effectiveness of these methods, emphasising the need for more detailed data collection. Given current data limitations that restrict extensive meta‐analyses, a series of small‐sample studies with promising innovations, exemplified by circle hooks with a wire appendage and blue‐white lights, necessitates in‐depth investigation and field tests.

中文翻译：

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易受箭鱼和金枪鱼延绳钓渔业影响的海龟副渔获物缓解方法的荟萃分析


渔业兼捕是对海龟构成最重大威胁之一。尽管已经开发了各种方法来减少剑鱼和金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中的海龟副渔获物，但其有效性和相互作用仍不确定。在这项研究中，我们进行了一项全面的荟萃分析，包括 41 项针对海龟的研究和 36 项针对金枪鱼、箭鱼和鲨鱼的研究，所有这些研究都来自箭鱼和金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中控制良好的实验研究。目的是系统地评估针对特定物种的海龟缓解策略的相对有效性，特别是研究圆钩和鱼饵作为传统延绳钓做法替代方案的影响。虽然在缓解措施中观察到以物种特异性模式为特征的细微层次结构，但圆钩在减少红海龟、橄榄龟和棱皮龟的兼捕方面显示出巨大的前景，而对金枪鱼、箭鱼和鲨鱼的捕获率的影响最小。我们强调了鱼饵在减少海龟副渔获物方面的更广泛适用性，并指出诱饵的有效性可能与鱼钩的有效性重叠，这可能会使鱼钩的额外好处变得不那么明显。该研究还揭示了这些方法有效性的地区差异，强调了更详细数据收集的必要性。鉴于当前数据限制了广泛的荟萃分析，一系列具有有前途的创新的小样本研究，例如带有金属丝附件和蓝白光的圆钩，需要进行深入调查和现场测试。