Past research suggests that the expansion of women's education reduces their exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to attitudinal changes and women's greater access to resources. The IPV literature also suggests that educational hypogamy (women marrying men with less education) increases IPV as women face backlash associated with gender‐status inconsistencies. However, existing research has not effectively tested the link between educational hypogamy and IPV. In this study, I provide a direct and explicit test of this backlash hypothesis using nationally representative National Family Health Survey data from India, a country characterized by high levels of IPV and gender inequality but rising levels of educational hypogamy. Using an interactive specification between wife's and husband's education, I do not find evidence for a positive association between educational hypogamy and IPV. Women's education is associated with reduced IPV, even in some instances when it exceeds the husband's education. Further analyses suggest that educational hypogamy by itself does not raise IPV risk in India because increased education does not necessarily grant Indian women greater access to other resources such as employment and income. Rather, education likely shapes IPV by precipitating attitudinal changes that lead to IPV rejection. This study contributes to theories of the family, gender, and violence and presents findings that contradict much of the literature on educational hypogamy and IPV in the Global South.

中文翻译：

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重新考虑教育性一夫一妻制与亲密伴侣暴力之间的关系：来自印度的证据


过去的研究表明，由于态度的改变和女性获得更多资源，女性受教育的扩大减少了她们遭受亲密伴侣暴力 （IPV） 的风险。IPV 文献还表明，教育低一妻制（女性嫁给受教育程度较低的男性）会增加 IPV，因为女性面临与性别地位不一致相关的强烈反对。然而，现有的研究并没有有效地测试教育性低婚制与 IPV 之间的联系。在这项研究中，我使用来自印度的具有全国代表性的全国家庭健康调查数据对这种反弹假说进行了直接和明确的检验，印度是一个以 IPV 和性别不平等水平高但教育一夫一妻制水平不断上升的国家为特征。使用妻子和丈夫的教育之间的互动规范，我没有发现证据表明教育低婚制与 IPV 之间存在正相关。女性的教育与 IPV 的降低有关，即使在某些情况下它超过了丈夫的教育程度。进一步的分析表明，教育性低婚制本身不会增加印度的 IPV 风险，因为增加教育并不一定让印度女性有更多机会获得其他资源，例如就业和收入。相反，教育可能通过促进导致 IPV 排斥的态度变化来塑造 IPV。这项研究为家庭、性别和暴力理论做出了贡献，并提出了与南半球关于教育性低婚制和 IPV 的大部分文献相矛盾的发现。