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Direct interrogation of cortical interneuron circuits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Brain ( IF 10.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-10 , DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae317
Mehdi A J van den Bos, Parvathi Menon, Nathan Pavey, Mana Higashihara, Matthew C Kiernan, Steve Vucic

Cortical hyperexcitability is a key pathogenic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), believed to be mediated through complex interplay of cortical interneurons. To date, there has been no technological approach to facilitate the direct capture of cortical interneuron function. Through combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with advanced EEG, the present study examined GABA-ergic dysfunction in ALS, through recording focussed cortical output whilst applying TMS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the site of symptom onset. Using both a single pulse and novel inhibitory paired-pulse paradigms, TMS-EEG studies were undertaken on 21 ALS patients and results compared to healthy controls. TMS responses captured by EEG form a discrete waveform known as the transcranial evoked potential (TEP), with positive (P) or upward deflections occurring at 30ms (P30), 60 ms (P60) and 190 ms (P190) after TMS stimulus. Negative (N) or downward deflections occur at 44 ms (N44), 100 ms (N100) and 280ms (N280) after T,MS stimulus. The single pulse TEPs recorded in ALS patients demonstrated novel differences suggestive of cortical GABA-ergic dysfunction. When compared to controls, the N100 component was significantly reduced (P<0.05) while the P190 component increased (P<0.05) in ALS patients. Additionally, the N44 component correlated with muscle weakness (r=-0.501, P<0.05). These finding were supported by reduced paired pulse inhibition of TEP components in ALS patients (P60, P<0.01; N100, P<0.005), consistent with dysfunction of cortical interneuronal GABAA-ergic circuits. Further, the reduction in SICI, as reflected by changes in paired-pulse inhibition of the N100 component, was associated with longer disease duration in ALS patients (r=-0.698, P<0.001). In conclusion, intensive and focussed interrogation of the motor cortex utilising novel TMS-EEG combined technologies has established localised dysfunction of GABA-ergic circuits, supporting the notion that cortical hyperexcitability is mediated by cortical disinhibition in ALS. Dysfunction of GABA-ergic circuits correlated with greater clinical disability and disease duration implying pathophysiological significance.

中文翻译:


肌萎缩侧索硬化症中皮质中间神经元回路的直接询问



皮质过度兴奋是肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 的一个关键致病特征,据信是通过皮层中间神经元的复杂相互作用介导的。迄今为止,还没有技术方法可以促进直接捕获皮层中间神经元功能。通过将经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 与高级脑电图相结合,本研究通过记录聚焦皮层输出,同时将 TMS 应用于症状发作部位对侧的初级运动皮层,检查了 ALS 中的 GABA 能功能障碍。使用单脉冲和新型抑制性配对脉冲范式,对 21 名 ALS 患者进行了 TMS-EEG 研究,并将结果与健康对照者进行了比较。脑电图捕获的 TMS 反应形成一个称为经颅诱发电位 (TEP) 的离散波形,在 TMS 刺激后 30 毫秒 (P30)、60 毫秒 (P60) 和 190 毫秒 (P190) 发生正向 (P) 或向上偏转。负 (N) 或向下偏转发生在 T,MS 刺激后 44 ms (N44)、100 ms (N100) 和 280 ms (N280)。在 ALS 患者中记录的单脉冲 TEP 显示出提示皮质 GABA 能功能障碍的新差异。与对照组相比,ALS 患者的 N100 成分显著降低 (P<0.05),而 P190 成分增加 (P<0.05)。此外,N44 成分与肌无力相关 (r=-0.501,P<0.05)。ALS 患者 TEP 成分的配对脉冲抑制减少支持了这些发现 (P60,P<0.01;N100,P<0.005),与皮质神经元间 GABAA 能回路功能障碍一致。此外,SICI 的降低,如 N100 成分的配对脉冲抑制的变化所反映的那样,与 ALS 患者病程的延长有关 (r=-0.698,P<0.001)。总之,利用新型 TMS-EEG 联合技术对运动皮层进行密集和集中的询问已经确定了 GABA 能回路的局部功能障碍,支持皮质过度兴奋是由 ALS 皮质去抑制介导的观点。GABA 能回路功能障碍与更大的临床残疾和疾病持续时间相关,这意味着病理生理学意义。
更新日期:2024-10-10
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