As global temperatures rise and arid climates intensify, the reserves of Earth's resources and the future development of humankind are under unprecedented pressure. Traditional methods of food production are increasingly inadequate in meeting the demands of human life while remaining environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient. Consequently, the sustainable supply of lipids is expected to become a pivotal area for future food development. Lignocellulose biomass (LB), as the most abundant and cost-effective renewable resource, has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. Thus, bioprocessing based on LB is appearing as a sustainable model for mitigating the depletion of energy reserves and reducing carbon footprints. Currently, the transformation of LB primarily focuses on producing biofuels, such as bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel, to address the energy crisis. However, there are limited reports on the production of single cell oil (SCO) from LB. This review, therefore, provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress in lignocellulosic pretreatment. Subsequently, it describes how the capability for lignocellulosic use can be conferred to cells through genetic engineering. Additionally, the current status of saccharification and fermentation of LB is outlined. The article also highlights the advances in synthetic biology aimed at driving the development of oil-producing microorganism (OPM), including genetic transformation, chassis modification, and metabolic pathway optimization. Finally, the limitations currently faced in SCO production from straw are discussed, and future directions for achieving high SCO yields from various perspectives are proposed. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for the industrial application of green SCO production.

中文翻译：

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从木质纤维素生物质到用于可持续生物制造的单细胞油：当前进展和前景


随着全球气温上升和干旱气候加剧，地球资源的储备和人类的未来发展正面临前所未有的压力。传统的食品生产方法越来越不足以满足人类生活的需求，同时保持环境可持续性和资源效率。因此，脂质的可持续供应有望成为未来粮食发展的关键领域。木质纤维素生物质 （LB） 作为最丰富且最具成本效益的可再生资源，已引起全球研究人员的极大关注。因此，基于 LB 的生物工艺正在成为减轻能源储备消耗和减少碳足迹的可持续模型。目前，LB 的转型主要集中在生产生物燃料，例如生物乙醇、生物丁醇和生物柴油，以应对能源危机。然而，关于从 LB 生产单细胞油 （SCO） 的报道有限。因此，本文对木质纤维素预处理的研究进展进行了全面总结。随后，它描述了如何通过基因工程将木质纤维素使用的能力赋予细胞。此外，还概述了 LB 糖化和发酵的现状。文章还强调了旨在推动产油微生物 （OPM） 发展的合成生物学的进展，包括遗传转化、底盘修饰和代谢途径优化。最后，讨论了目前秸秆生产 SCO 面临的局限性，并从多个角度提出了实现高 SCO 产量的未来方向。 本文旨在为绿色 SCO 生产的工业应用提供有价值的参考。