Biosafety is a central concern in Norwegian salmon farming, as diseases and parasites are common. Continued production depends on preventing and controlling diseases and parasites. A critical part of the farmed salmon's life is during smolt production and the following well-boat transport out to sea. Biosafety here is thus essential, and there is a need for an overview of risk factors and measures. Biosafety is related to the technical solutions' design, construction, cleaning, and maintenance, that can be studied through field work, interviews, and document analysis. This paper presents results from a study identifying risk factors related to technical solutions in smolt production (with RAS—recirculating aquaculture systems) and well-boats, and potential measures to reduce risk. Risk factors for RAS facilities are divided into four main groups: Introduction of pathogens to the facility, spread of pathogens inside the facility, growth of pathogens inside the facility, and additional risks. Risk factors for well-boats are divided into three main groups: Introduction of pathogens through intake water, spread of pathogens between fish groups, and spread of pathogens from well-boat to the environment. Measures are proposed to mitigate the identified risk factors. The lists are not exhaustive, and risk magnitude is not quantified, so effect of measures is not calculated. Still, the measures' potential for risk reduction and implementation (cost/benefit) are discussed, suggesting measures vital for biosafety in RAS facilities and well-boats.

中文翻译：

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挪威水产养殖的生物安全——RAS 设施和井船的风险和措施


生物安全是挪威鲑鱼养殖的一个核心问题，因为疾病和寄生虫很常见。持续的生产取决于预防和控制疾病和寄生虫。养殖鲑鱼生活的一个重要部分是小鲑鱼生产和随后的井船运输出海。因此，生物安全在这里至关重要，并且需要对风险因素和措施进行概述。生物安全与技术解决方案的设计、构建、清洁和维护有关，可以通过实地工作、访谈和文件分析进行研究。本文介绍了一项研究的结果，该研究确定了与小鲑鱼生产（使用 RAS——循环水产养殖系统）和井船的技术解决方案相关的风险因素，以及降低风险的潜在措施。RAS 设施的风险因素分为四大类：病原体进入设施、病原体在设施内的传播、病原体在设施内的生长以及其他风险。井船的危险因素分为三大类：病原体通过进水引入、病原体在鱼类群体之间的传播以及病原体从井船传播到环境。提出了减轻已识别风险因素的措施。这些列表并不详尽，风险程度也没有量化，因此没有计算措施的效果。尽管如此，仍讨论了这些措施降低和实施风险（成本/收益）的潜力，提出了对 RAS 设施和井船的生物安全至关重要的措施。