The advent of the click chemistry paradigm has profoundly transformed the design of functional polymeric materials. Among the various reactions in the click chemistry toolkit, the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction is particularly notable for its rapid kinetics, high specificity, and bioorthogonality. Of the different electron-deficient dienes, the tetrazine (Tz) building block has become the most extensively employed component in the IEDDA reaction-based synthesis and functionalization of polymeric materials. This review begins with an overview of the IEDDA reaction involving Tz, followed by a discussion of examples where the Tz moiety has been utilized as a reactive handle for polymer synthesis and functionalization. We then focus on the application of Tz-based IEDDA reactions in the development of functional hydrogels and surface modifications. The selected examples highlight the diversity and versatility of this highly efficient chemistry. This review aims not only to survey recent progress but also to demonstrate the significant potential of IEDDA chemistry in advancing the design of functional polymeric materials.

中文翻译：

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基于四嗪的逆电子需求 Diels-Alder 反应：聚合物材料制造和功能化的有力工具


点击化学范式的出现深刻改变了功能性聚合物材料的设计。在点击化学工具包中的各种反应中，逆电子需求 Diels-Alder （IEDDA） 反应以其快速动力学、高特异性和生物正交性而尤为显著。在不同的缺电子二烯中，四嗪 （Tz） 结构单元已成为聚合物材料基于 IEDDA 反应的合成和功能化中使用最广泛的组分。本综述首先概述了涉及 Tz 的 IEDDA 反应，然后讨论了 Tz 部分被用作聚合物合成和功能化的反应性处理剂的例子。然后，我们重点介绍基于 Tz 的 IEDDA 反应在功能性水凝胶和表面改性开发中的应用。所选示例突出了这种高效化学的多样性和多功能性。本综述不仅旨在调查最近的进展，还旨在证明 IEDDA 化学在推进功能性聚合物材料设计方面的巨大潜力。