Materials capable of dynamic persistent luminescence (PersL) within the visible spectrum are highly sought after for applications in display, biosensing, and information security. However, PersL materials with eye-detectable and excitation-wavelength-dependent characteristics are rarely achieved. Herein, a nonstoichiometric compound CaGa_xO₄:Bi (x < 2) is present, which demonstrates ultra-long, color-tunable PersL. The persistent emission wavelength can be tuned by varying the excitation wavelength, enabling dynamic color modulation from the green to the orange region within the visible spectrum. Theoretical calculations, in conjunction with experimental observations, are utilized to elucidate the thermodynamic charge transitions of various defect states, thereby providing insights into the relationship between Bi³⁺ emitters, traps, and multicolored PersL. Furthermore, the utility of color-tunable PersL materials and flexible devices is showcased for use in visual sensing of invisible ultraviolet light, multicolor display, information encryption, and anti-counterfeiting. These discoveries create new opportunities to develop smart photoelectric materials with dynamically controlled PersL for various applications.

能够在可见光谱内实现动态持续发光 （PersL） 的材料在显示、生物传感和信息安全领域的应用中备受追捧。然而，很少能实现具有肉眼可检测和激发波长依赖性特性的 PersL 材料。在此，存在一种非化学计量化合物 CaGa_xO₄：Bi （x < 2），它表现出超长、颜色可调的 PersL。可以通过改变激发波长来调整持续发射波长，从而在可见光谱内实现从绿色到橙色区域的动态颜色调制。理论计算与实验观察相结合，用于阐明各种缺陷态的热力学电荷跃迁，从而深入了解 Bi³⁺ 发射器、陷阱和多色 PersL 之间的关系。此外，还展示了颜色可调 PersL 材料和柔性器件的实用性，用于不可见紫外线的视觉传感、多色显示、信息加密和防伪。这些发现为开发具有动态控制 PersL 的智能光电材料创造了新的机会，用于各种应用。