While social psychology has contributed much to our understanding of collective action, other forms of resistance are understudied. However, in contexts of long‐standing oppression—such as ongoing colonialism—and past repression of liberation struggles, other resistance strategies are important considering the constraints on overt, collective action in such contexts. This paper reports findings from an interview study in Puerto Rico (N = 22) exploring anti‐colonial resistance. We analysed participants' own resistance, future preferred strategies, and descriptive norms of other ingroup members' resistance. Through thematic analysis, we identified six distinct forms of anti‐colonial resistance. Notably, none of the participants reported participating in collective action. Instead, participants engaged in different forms of symbolic everyday resistance to preserve a positive, distinct cultural identity, and raise critical consciousness of the group's oppression. Additionally, more tangible resistance strategies included staying on the land and building independent economies. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of considering a more comprehensive set of resistance strategies in contexts of long‐standing colonial oppression to recognize oppressed groups' agency and provide a better understanding of how people undermine destructive power.

中文翻译：

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“当你生活在一个殖民地时......每一个行为都很重要“：探索波多黎各对各种反殖民抵抗战略的参与和看法


虽然社会心理学对我们理解集体行动有很大贡献，但其他形式的抵抗却没有得到充分的研究。然而，在长期压迫的背景下——例如持续的殖民主义——和过去对解放斗争的镇压，考虑到在这种情况下对公开集体行动的限制，其他抵抗策略是重要的。本文报告了在波多黎各 （N = 22） 进行的一项探索反殖民抵抗的访谈研究的结果。我们分析了参与者自己的抵抗力、未来首选策略以及其他内群体成员抵抗力的描述性规范。通过主题分析，我们确定了六种不同形式的反殖民抵抗。值得注意的是，没有参与者报告参与集体行动。相反，参与者参与了不同形式的象征性日常抵抗，以维护积极、独特的文化身份，并提高对群体压迫的批判意识。此外，更具体的抵抗策略包括留在土地上和建立独立的经济。总体而言，本研究说明了在长期殖民压迫的背景下考虑一套更全面的抵抗策略的重要性，以承认被压迫群体的能动性并更好地了解人们如何削弱破坏力。