Substance use disorder (SUD) is common in psychiatric patients and has a negative impact on health and well-being. However, SUD often goes untreated, and there is a need for psychiatrists, of all specialties, to address this pervasive clinical problem. In this review, the authors' goal is to provide a resource that describes treatments for SUD, using neuroscience as a framework. They discuss the effect of pharmacotherapy on craving, intoxication, and withdrawal and its ability to interrupt the cycle of substance use in SUD. The neuroscience of stress is reviewed, including medications targeting neurotransmitter systems activated by alarm and fear. Neuroplasticity and promising treatments that use this mechanism, including ketamine, psilocybin, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), are discussed. The authors conclude by listing resources and practice guidelines for physicians interested in learning more about treatments for SUD.

中文翻译：

---

物质使用障碍、治疗和变化的神经回路：临床精神病学家的资源。


物质使用障碍 （SUD） 在精神病患者中很常见，对健康和福祉有负面影响。然而，SUD 经常得不到治疗，需要所有专业的精神科医生来解决这个普遍存在的临床问题。在这篇综述中，作者的目标是以神经科学为框架，提供描述 SUD 治疗的资源。他们讨论了药物治疗对渴望、中毒和戒断的影响，以及它中断 SUD 物质使用循环的能力。回顾了压力的神经科学，包括针对由警报和恐惧激活的神经递质系统的药物。讨论了神经可塑性和使用这种机制的有前途的治疗方法，包括氯胺酮、裸盖菇素和经颅磁刺激 （TMS）。作者最后为有兴趣了解更多关于 SUD 治疗的医生列出了资源和实践指南。