Candida spp. are members of the human mucosal microbiota that can cause opportunistic diseases ranging from superficial infections to life-threatening invasive candidiasis. In humans, the most common infection caused by Candida spp. is vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which affects >70% of women at least once in their lifetime. Of those women, ∼5%–10% develop recurrent VVC (RVVC). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the host and fungal factors that contribute to susceptibility to VVC and RVVC. We synthesize key findings that support the notion that disease symptoms are driven by neutrophil-associated dysfunction and immunopathology and describe how antifungal immune mechanisms in the vagina are distinct from other mucosal barrier sites. Finally, we highlight key, unanswered research areas within the field that can help us better understand the immunopathogenesis of this infection and facilitate the development of novel preventive, therapeutic, and/or vaccination strategies to combat these common, poorly understood diseases.

中文翻译：

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急性和复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的宿主-微生物相互作用范式


念珠菌属是人类粘膜微生物群的成员，可引起从浅表感染到危及生命的侵袭性念珠菌病的机会性疾病。在人类中，由念珠菌属引起的最常见感染是外阴阴道念珠菌病 （VVC），>70% 的女性一生中至少影响一次。在这些女性中，∼5%-10% 会发展为复发性 VVC （RVVC）。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前对导致 VVC 和 RVVC 易感性的宿主和真菌因素的理解。我们综合了支持疾病症状是由中性粒细胞相关功能障碍和免疫病理学驱动的观点的关键发现，并描述了阴道中的抗真菌免疫机制与其他粘膜屏障部位的不同之处。最后，我们强调了该领域内关键的、未回答的研究领域，这些领域可以帮助我们更好地了解这种感染的免疫发病机制，并促进开发新的预防、治疗和/或疫苗接种策略来对抗这些常见的、知之甚少的疾病。