Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted attention from researchers as novel compounds for extracting active substances because of their negligible toxicity, polarity, and ability to be tailored depending on the experiment. In this review, we discuss deep eutectic solvents as a promising medium for the extraction of adaptogenic compounds. In comparison to traditional methods, extraction with the use of DESs is a great alternative to the excessive usage of harmful organic solvents. It can be conducted in mild conditions, and DESs can be designed with different precursors, enhancing their versatility. Adaptogenic herbs have a long medicinal history, especially in Eastern Asia. They exhibit unique properties through the active compounds in their structures, including saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Therefore, they demonstrate a wide range of pharmaceutical effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer abilities. Since ancient times, many different adaptogenic herbs have been discovered and are well known, including Panax ginseng, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Schisandra chinensis. Active compounds can be extracted using standard methods, such as hydrolyzation, maceration, and conventional reflux extraction. However, due to the limitations of classical processing technologies, there has been a need to develop new and eco-friendly methods. We focus on the types of solvents, extraction efficiency, properties, and applications of the obtained active compounds. This review highlights the potential of DESs as eco-friendly alternatives for extracting bioactive compounds.

中文翻译：

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深共晶溶剂的全面综述：它们的现状和从适应原植物中提取活性化合物的潜力


深共熔溶剂 （DES） 作为提取活性物质的新型化合物引起了研究人员的关注，因为它们的毒性、极性和根据实验进行定制的能力可以忽略不计。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了低共熔溶剂作为提取适应原化合物的一种有前途的介质。与传统方法相比，使用 DES 进行萃取是过度使用有害有机溶剂的绝佳替代方案。它可以在温和的条件下进行，并且 DES 可以设计使用不同的前驱体，从而提高其多功能性。适应原草药具有悠久的药用历史，尤其是在东亚。它们通过其结构中的活性化合物表现出独特的特性，包括皂苷、类黄酮、多糖和生物碱。因此，它们表现出广泛的药物作用，例如抗炎、抗菌和抗癌能力。自古以来，人们发现了许多不同的适应原草药，并且广为人知，包括人参、黄芩和五味子。可以使用标准方法提取活性化合物，例如水解、浸渍和常规回流萃取。然而，由于传统加工技术的局限性，需要开发新的环保方法。我们专注于所获得活性化合物的溶剂类型、提取效率、性质和应用。这篇综述强调了 DES 作为提取生物活性化合物的环保替代品的潜力。